ВрачамАхиллово сухожилие

Если вы не врач, то мы рекомендуем Вам ознакомиться с общей информацией о разрывах ахиллова сухожилия (щелкните мышкой, чтобы перейти к статье для пациентов). 

Программу реабилитации после разрывов ахиллова сухожилия вы можете посмотреть здесь.

Узнать о причинах болей в пяточной области и в ахилловом сухожилии при тенопатии ахиллова сухожилия,деформации Хаглунда и при плантарном фасциите («пяточной шпоре») вы можете в отдельных статьях. 

Список литературы

  1. Айзенберг Е.А. Первичный удаляемый проволочный шов сухожилий сгибателей пальцев кисти в пределах сухожильных влагалищ: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. — Киев, 1972. — 29 с.
  2. Айюб Хуссейн Мусса. Физическая реабилитация спортсменов после оперативного лечения разрывов Ахиллова сухожилия : диссертация … кандидата педагогических наук : 13.00.04, 14.00.12 Москва, 1997 155 c. : 61 98-13/53-2
  3. Амосова Н.Р. Регенерация сухожилий при различных экспериментальных условиях // Архив анат., гистол. и эмбриол.- 1958. — Т.35, вып.6. — С.90-100.
  4. Амосова Н.Р. Регенерация сухожилий при различных экспериментальных условиях: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. — Л., 1962. — 22с.
  5. Андреев И.В., Владимиров Б. О микроциркуляции ахиллова сухожилия у новорожденных // Тр. Астрах, мед. ин-та.- 1974. — Т.24. — С.71-75.
  6. Аннус Э.Э. Реабилитация спортсменов с повреждением ахиллова сухожилия // Актуальные вопросы спортивной медицины и лечебной физкультуры. — Таллин, 1977. — С.106-108.
  7. Аренберг А.А., Гарновская Л.А. Модификация ахиллопластики по Чернавскому // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование. — 1988. — N2. — С.38-38.
  8. Аринчин Н.И., Борисевич Г.Ф. Микронасосная деятельность скелетных мышц при их растяжении. — Минск: Наука и техника, 1986. — 112с.
  9. Арцин А.С., Прилуцкий Б.И. Зависимость удлинения трехглавой мышцы голени от углов в голеностопном и коленном суставах // Физиология человека. — 1986. — Т.12, N 2. — С.244-248.
  10. Бадалян Л.О., Скворцов И.А. Клиническая электронейромиография: руководство для врачей. — М.:Медицина, 1986. — 368 с.
  11. Башкиров В.Ф. Ошибки диагностики при подкожных разрывах ахиллова сухожилия // Симпозиум по профилактике и лечению спортивных травм: Материалы симпозиума 25-26 мая 1964г. — М., 1964. — С.79-81.
  12. Башкиров В.Ф. Подкожные разрывы ахиллова сухожилия: клиника и оперативное лечение: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. — М., 1971. — 24с.
  13. Башкиров В.Ф., Товбин И.М. Двигательные режимы у спортсменов после оперативного лечения подкожного разрыва ахиллова сухожилия // Тр. Моск. НИИ скорой помощи. — 1971. — Т.17. — С.136-138.
  14.  Беллавина И.А. Применение муфт из капроновой ткани и целлюлозного фильтра или пленки для изоляции поврежденного сухожилия:экспериментальное исследование // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование. — 1965. — N 1.- С.48-52.
  15. Белоусов А.Е. О прочности фиксации протеза к сухожилию в различные сроки после аллотендопластики в эксперименте // Материалы науч. конф. слушателей академии 5-6 мая 1971 г. / Воен.- мед. акад. — Л., 1971. — С.15-16.
  16. Белоусов А.Е., Береснев М.С., Будаквенко П.П. и др. Клинико-теоретические аспекты первичного и вторичного восстановления поврежденных сухожилий пальцев кисти и предплечья // Науч. сессия, посвящ. 175-летию академии / Воен.-мед.акад. — Л., 1974. — С.74-75.
  17. Бикмуллина М.М. Макроскопическая структура и иннервация мышц задней поверхности голени: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед наук. — Уфа, 1955. — 26 с.
  18. Биро В., Хорват А., Хербер Е. и др. Искусственные сухожильные влагалища из кровеносных сосудов // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование. — 1975. — N 11. — С.5-9.
  19. Бруннмайер Г.Э. Пластика ахиллова сухожилия при подкожных разрывах гетерогенной брюшиной: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. — Караганда, 1971. — 16с.
  20. Булатников В.И., Жупан В.Ф. Кровоснабжение сухожилий при различных видах сухожильного шва // Научные работы слушателей академии / Тр. Воен.-мед. акад. — Л., 1957. — Т.76. — С.134-141.
  21. Винтергальтер С. Ф. Ренгенологические исследование мягких тканей конечностей. — Вильнюс : Минтис, 1971. — 151 с.
  22. Винтергальтер С. Ф., Сравнительная оценка электрорентгенографии и рентгенографии при исследовании мягких тканей. Вестн. рентгенологии и радиологии. 1988 №6. C. 53-59.
  23. Власенко С.Н., Васюк В.Е., Кисенев В.Г. О неравномерности растягивания различных участков многосуставных мышц // Медицинская биомеханика. — Рига, 1986. — Т1. — С. 116- 120.
  24. Волков М.В., Миронова З.С., Баднин И.А. Особенности лечебных мероприятий при повреждениях у танцовщиков // Ортопедия, траматология и протезирование. — 1984. — N 7. — С. 19- 23.
  25. Волобуев Ю.М. Восстановление сухожилий конечностей в условиях нейрохирургического стационара / Ю.М. Волобуев // Здравоохранение Туркменистана. – 1984. — №6. – С.9-10.
  26. Воронин Г.Н. Особенности регенерации ткани сухожилий // Архив анат., гистол. и эмбриол.- 1954.-Т.31, вып.2.- С.18-23.
  27. Гайворонский И.В. Нормальная анатомия человека. В 2 т. Т. 1, СпецЛит 2007, С.: 560 ISBN: 978-5-299-00353-6
  28. Герцен И.Г., Сердюк В.В. О лечении застарелых повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1978.- N 5.- С.44-46.
  29. Гиршин С.Г., Цыпин И.С. Чрескожный погружной шов ахиллова сухожилия при свежих разрывах // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1981.- N 10.- С.59-62.
  30. Гончарова Л.А. Метаболизм белков скелетных мышц разного типа при их атрофии от бездействия: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук.- М.-1986.- 20 с.
  31. Гулай A.M. Аллотендопластика застарелых повреждений ахиллова сухожилия: клинико-экспериментальное исследование: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.-Харьков, 1977.- 18с.
  32. Гулай АМ. Восстановительное лечение больных со свежими повреждениями сухожилий сгибателей / А.М. Гулай // Современные аспекты лечения травм кисти и их последствий: Мастер докл. науч.-практ. Конф. – Днепропетровск, 1998. С.14-17.
  33. Гурфинкель B.C., Левик Ю.С. Скелетная мышца: структура и функция.-М.: Наука, 1985.-143 с.
  34. Гурченок А.П., Чернова В.А. Строение и лимфатическая система сухожилий / Томск, ун-т.-Томск.: Б.и., 1962.-32 с. 1
  35. Гусихина В.И. Материалы к изучению репаративной регенерации сухожилия: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук.- Л., 1972.- 30 с.
  36. Двойников С.И. Результаты лечения больных с повреждением ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.-1980.- N 8.- С.31-33.
  37. Дегтярева С.И., Лаврищева Г.И. Ауто- и гомопластика сухожилий:экспериментальное исследование // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.-1962.- N 9.- С.35-39.
  38. Дегтярева С.И., Лаврищева Г.И. Влияние шовного материала на регенерацию сухожилий: экспериментальное исследование // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1965.- N 1.- С.52-56.
  39. Дедушкин B.C. Первичное восстановление поврежденных сухожилий глубоких сгибателей пальцев кисти в «немой» зоне: клинико-экспериментальное исследование: Дис. … канд. мед. наук. -Л., 1969.- 360с.
  40. Демичев Н.П. К методике гомопластики дефектов ахиллова сухожилия // Вести, хирургии.- 1966.- Т.97, N10. — С.106-110.
  41. Демичев Н.П. Функциональный результат первичного шва сухожилий сгибателей предплечья, локтевого и срединного нервов / Н.П. Демичев, М.М.Князев //Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование – 1971. — №12. – С56-57.
  42. Демичев Н.П., Мацкеплишвили Т.Я., Елисеев И.Т. и др. Повреждения ахиллова сухожилия: обзор отеч. и заруб, лит. Тр. Астрах, мед. ин-та.- 1974.- Т.24.- С.58-65.
  43. Демичев Н.П., Путилин А.А. Аллопластика при повреждениях пяточного сухожилия // Вестн. хирургии.- 1989.- Т.142, N1.- С.86-90.
  44. Джанелидзе Ю.Ю. Восстановление сгибателей пальцев руки по способу Sterlling Bunnel / Ю.Ю.Джанелидзе // Вестник хирургии пограничных состояний. – 1930. – Т.19, Кн.56-57. – С.39-53.
  45. Джанелидзе Ю.Ю. Одномоментное восстановление трех сухожилий сгибателей по способу Sterlling Bunnel / Ю.Ю.Джанелидзе // Сб. тр., посв. 55-летию науч. И учеб. Деятельности Г.И. Турнера. – Л., 1938. – С.19-28.
  46. Джанелидзе Ю.Ю. Собрание сочинений. Хирургия конечностей. Т.5 / Ю.Ю. Джанелидзе; Ред. Н.Н. Приоров. – М.: Изд-во АМН СССР, 1953. – 364 с.
  47. Долинин В.А Операции при ранениях и травмах / В.А. Долинин, Н.П. Бисенков. – Л.: Медицина, 1982. – 192 с.
  48. Дыхно A.M. Артериальное кровоснабжение сухожилий и сухожильных влагалищ предплечья, кисти и пальцев: Дис. … канд. мед. наук. — Ростов-на-Дону, 1935.- 30с.
  49. Дыхно А.М. О шве сухожилий в связи с лечением ран их и два новых способа швов сухожилий / А.М.Дыхно // Новый хир.архив. – 1936. – Т.37, Кн.147. – С.403-416.
  50. Евдокимов В.М. Особенности регенерации сухожилий глубоких сгибателей пальцев кисти в «немой зоне»: экспериментальное исследование: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук. — Куйбышев, 1974.- 20 с.
  51. Еникеев Р.И. Некоторые морфологические особенности ахиллова сухожилия человека в норме // Микроциркуляторное русло соединительно-тканных образований: Сб. науч. тр.- Уфа, 1988.- С.31-37.
  52. Жуков Л.Б. Застарелые повреждения ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1978.-N 10.- С.56-58.
  53. Зулкарнеев Р.А., Ахметов З.Я. Повреждения ахиллова сухожилия и результаты оперативного лечения // Казан, мед. журнал.- 1989.- Т.70, N 6.- С.429-431.
  54. Иванов В.П., Титов Л.М., Павлов С.П. Исходы лечения повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Здравоохранение Белоруссии.- 1977.-N7.- С.59-61.
  55. Калнберз В.К., Нейман Л.Б. Филиппова Р.П. Аутопластика с использованием сухожилия подошвенной мышцы при лечении разрыва ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия,травматология и протезирование.- 1975.- N 1.- С.56-58.
  56. Карасев В.И. К вопросу о первичном шве ахиллова сухожилия и его отдаленных результатах // Науч. Работы Пензенской обл. больн. им. Н.Н.Бурденко.- Пенза, 1970.- Сб.4.- С.51-53.
  57. Карасев В.И. Лечение открытых и закрытых повреждений ахиллова сухожилия: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Курск, 1971.- 16с.
  58. Карасев В.И. Пластика дефектов нейлоновой сеткой при подкожных разрывах ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1976.- N11.- С.42-43.
  59. Клишов А.А., Батурина С.А., Четвергов В.Ф. Гистохимическое изучение мионов различных типов и их мионейральных синапсов в скелетных мышцах после тенотомии // Экспериментальная и патологическая морфология нервно- мышечной системы: Сб. науч. работ.- Саратов, 1976.- С.39-44.
  60. Колонтай Ю.Ю., Гулай A.M. Гомопластическое восстановление ахиллова сухожилия в сочетании с аутопластикой // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1974.- N 5.- С.76-77.
  61. Корнилов Н.В., Грязнухин Э.Г. Травматология и ортопедия. в 3 Т. Том 3: Травмы и заболевания нижней конечности. С. 945-956.
  62. Краснов А.Ф., Двойников С.И. Диагностика и лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1990.- N 12.- С.38-41.
  63. Криворотов И.А. Экспериментальное исследование о регенерации сухожилий // Тр. Воен.-мед. акад.- Л.: Б. и., 1935.-Т.З.- С.105-122.
  64. Крупко И.Л., Ткаченко С.С. Пересадка консервированных фасциальных и сухожильных гомотрансплантатов // Вести, хирургии.- 1964.- Т.93, N 8.- С.65-69.
  65. Лебедев B.C., Мовшович И.А., Павлова М.Н. и др. Пластика ахиллова сухожилия углеродной лентой в эксперименте: биомеханические свойства имплантата и регенерата // Биомеханические исследования в травматологии и ортопедии: Сб. тр.- М., 1988.- С.48-51.
  66. Левицкий Ф.А., Ночевкин В.А. Подкожные разрывы сухожилий и мышц конечностей // Вести, хирургии.- 1987.- Т.138, N 3.- С.88-91.
  67. Левицкий Ф.А., Ночевкин В.А. Эксплантация ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1982.-N3.- С.42-44.
  68. Левицкий Ф.А., Ночевкин В.А., Гончарова Л.Д. Биомеханическое и физиологическое обоснование лавсанопластики при застарелых разрывах ахиллова сухожилия // Медицинская биомеханика.- Рига, 1986.- Т.1.- С.235-237.
  69. Ли А.Д., Лысковец-Чернецкая Л.Е. О диагностике и лечении повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Вести, хирургии.- 1961.- Т. 87, N9.- С.88-92.
  70. Линник С.А. Клиника и диагностика повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Вести, хирургии.- 1983.- Т. 131, N 11.- С.127-129.
  71. Линник С.А. Лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия: клинико-экспериментальное исследование: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Л., 1980.- 23с.
  72. Лирцман В.М., Имамалиев А.С., Каптелин Ф.А. Восстановление ахиллова сухожилия погружным лавсановым швом при подкожных его разрывах // Сб. тр. ЦИТО.- М., 1980.- Вып.22.- С.77-79.
  73. Лобачёв В.С. «Физические упражнения для развития мышц передней поверхности бедра», М. 2005, Издательство «Советский спорт».
  74. Лысковец-Чернецкая Л.Е. Диагностика и лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия: Дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Л., 1967.- 233 с.
  75. Лысковец-Чернецкая Л.Е. Фасциальная гомопластика при повреждениях ахиллова сухожилия // Вести, хирургии.- 1964.- Т.93, N 12.- С. 123-123.
  76. Маннингер Е.Хирургия кисти /Е.Маннингер // Оперативная хирургия; Под ред. И.Литтманна. – Будапешт: Изд-во АН Венгрии, 1982. – С.1011 – 1051.
  77. Матюшин И.Ф. Операции на нервных стволах сухожилиях и мышцах / И.Ф, Матюшин. – Горький, 1976. – 35 с.
  78. Махсон Н.Е., Берман A.M. Ксантоматоз ахилловых сухожилий // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1965.-N5.- С.58-61.
  79. Мгеладзе Т.С. Морфология сосудисто-тканевых структур скелетных мышц при гипокинезии: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Новосибирск, 1979.- 16 с.
  80. Мельченко Н.И., Кулагин Л.М., Воробьева М.Г. Морфоадаптационные процессы в мионах 1 и 2 типов при экспериментальной тенотомии на фоне введения андрогенов // Экспериментальная и патологическая морфология нервно-мышечной системы: Сб. науч. работ.- Саратов, 1976.- С.45-49.
  81. Миронова З.С., Черкасова Т.И., Архипов С.В. Отдаленные результаты оперативного лечения подкожного разрыва ахиллова сухожилия// Вести, хирургии.- 1984.- Т. 132, N 3.- С.117-118.
  82. Миронова З.С., Черкасова Т.И., Башкиров В.Ф. Подкожные разрывы ахиллова сухожилия.- Ташкент: Медицина, 1974.- 114 с.
  83. Мусалатов Х.А., Кавалерский Г.М., Ярмульский А.Ф. и др. Применение углеродной ткани и лент для замещения сухожилий и связок // 5-й Всероссийский съезд травматологов- ортопедов, Ленинград, 2-4 октября 1990: Тез. докл.- Ярославль, 1990.-Ч.2.- С.190-192.
  84. Нейман Л.Б. Опыт гомопластики при оперативном лечении ахиллова сухожилия // Тр. Риж. науч.-исслед. ин-та травматологиии и ортопедии.- Рига, 1969.- Вып.9.- С. 101-107.
  85. Нейман Л.Б., Рунде И.Р., Янсон Х.А. Отдаленные результаты оперативного лечения разрывов ахиллова сухожилия с учетом данных электромиографии и динамометрии // Тр. Риж. науч.-исслед. ин-та травматологии и ортопедии.- Рига, 1971.- Вып.П.- С.135-138.
  86. Никитин Г.Д. К вопросу о пластике при подкожных разрывах ахиллова сухожилия // Хирургия.- 1953.- N 2.- С.87-88.
  87. Никитин Г.Д., Линник С.А. Лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия: Метод, рекомендации МЗ РСФСР/ Ленингр. сан.-гигиен, мед. ин-т; 1979.- 15с.
  88. Никитин Г.Д., Линник С.А., Шохман Я.Д. Лечение закрытых повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1984.- N11.- С.43-46.
  89. Никитин Г.Д., Лысковец-Чернецкая Л.Е., Линник С.А. Лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия у спортсменов // Вести, хирургии.-1979.- Т.123, N 9.- С.84-88.
  90. Никитин Г.Д., Филиппов К.В. Современные методы диагностики и лечения подкожных разрывов мышц и сухожилий у спортсменов // 5-й Всероссийский съезд травматологов-ортопедов, Ленинград, 2-4 октября 1990: Тез. докл.- Ярославль, 1990.- Ч.2.- С.30-31.
  91. Николаев Л.П. Руководство по биомеханике в применении к ортопедии, травматологии и протезированию.- Киев, 1950.- Ч.2.- 308с.
  92. Николенко В.К. Исследование различных видов тендопластики в эксперименте и клинике: Дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Л., 1976.- 240 с.
  93. Николенко В.К. О доступе к поврежденному ахиллову сухожилию // Вестник хирургии.- 1983.- Т.131, №11.- С.129-130.- посмотреть
  94. Николенко В.К., Алексеев С.Н., Захаров B.C. Диагностика и лечение подкожных разрывов ахиллова сухожилия // Специализированная медицинская помощь и современные проблемы ее интеграции: Тез. докл. науч. конф.-М., 1986.- С.78- 80.
  95. Омельяненко Н.П. Структурно- функциональная организация волокнистого остова ахиллова сухожилия человека // Арх. анат., гистол. и эмбриол.- 1983.-Т.84, N 2.- С.69-77.
  96. Острянский A.M. 3 случая полного разрыва крупных сухожилий, излеченные непосредственным швом // Воен.-мед. журн.- 1907.- Т.220.- С.12-18.
  97. Пименова А.П. Становление упругих свойств пяточного сухожилия человека в онтогенезе: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол.наук.- М., 1966.- 19 с.
  98. Пирогов Н.И. О перерезке ахиллова сухожилия как оперативно-ортопедическом средстве лечения // Собр. соч.- М., 1957.- Т.1- С.109-180.
  99. Плотникова В.А., Стахеев И.А., Пашкевич М.Ю. Биомеханическая характеристика регенерата при замещении дефекта ахиллова сухожилия аллотрансплантатом // Медицинская биомеханика: Тез. докл.Рига, 1986.- Т.1.- С.304-309.
  100. Путилин А.А. Пластическое замещение дефектов ахиллова сухожилия при застарелых повреждениях: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Астрахань, 1975.- 24с.
  101. Розов В.И. Повреждение сухожилий кисти и пальцев и их лечение: Автореф. дисс…. докт. мед. …1951 – Л.
  102. Рохленко К.Д. Электронно-микроскопическое исследование скелетных мышц при гипокинезии: Автореф. дис. … канд. биол. наук.- М., 1977.- 14 с.
  103. Семенов Г.М. Хирургический шов / А.В. Скороглядов // Сов.мед. – 1979. — №3. – С.111 – 114.
  104. Сердюк В.В. Лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Одесса, 1974.- 16с.
  105. Сердюк В.В. Электромиография в диагностике повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Вопросы клинической электромиографии.- Вильнюс, 1973.- С. 124-126.
  106. Синяков Г.Ф. К методике шва ахиллова сухожилия // Вести, хирургии.- 1958.- Т.80, N 6.- С.116-119.
  107. Скопинцева И.Н. Особенности статической работы двусуставной мышцы бедра // Теория и практика физ. культ. — 1967.- N2.- С.56-58.
  108. Смирягин М. Случай сращения первичным натяжением ахиллова сухожилия // Фельдшер.- 1902.- N 10.- С.310-310.
  109. Сорокин А.П. Общие закономерности строения опорного аппарата человека.- М.:Медицина.-1973.- 264 с.
  110. Сорокин А.П., Ефимов А.П. Влияние тканевого давления на восстановление целости поврежденных сухожилии Хирургия.- 1981.- N 6.- С.28-31.
  111. Способ лечения свежих подкожных разрывов ахиллова сухожилия с помощью чрескожного погружного шва: Метод, рекомендации МЗ РСФСР / 2-й МОЛГМИ им. Н.И.Пирогова, каф. травм., ортоп. и ВПХ; Сост.: Кузьменко В.В., Гиршин СТ., Цыпин И.С.- М., 1984.- 17с.
  112. Способы пластики ахиллова сухожилия при его повреждении: Метод, рекомендации МЗ РСФСР; Сост.: Краснов А.Ф., Двойников С.И.- М., 1989.- 17 с.
  113. Стома М.Ф. Влияние сухожильно-мышечного натяжения разной степени на состояние двигательного аппарата: Автореф. дис…. канд. мед. наук.- Л., 1955.- 11с.
  114. Судзиловский Ф.В. Кровоснабжение сухожилий мышц голени человека: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Л., 1950.- 19 с.
  115. Сээдер Я.- Х.О. Отдаленные результаты оперативного лечения подкожных разрывов ахиллова сухожилия // Актуальные вопросы спортивной медицины и лечебной физкультуры.- Таллин, 1977.- С.112-113.
  116. Ткаченко С.С. Военная травматология и ортопедия.- Л., 1985.- 600 с.- Из содерж.: Гл.9.- С. 446-448.
  117. Ткаченко С.С., Лысковец-Чернецкая Л.Е. Лечение повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Хирургия.- 1974.- N П.- С. 43-48.
  118. Токмаков, Желев Ж. Метод лечения открытых повреждений пяточного (ахиллова) сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1988.- N 4.- С.47-47.
  119. Трапезников А.В. Клиника и диагностика подкожных разрывов ахиллова сухожилия // Итоговая конф. ВНО слушателей ВМедА им. С.М.Кирова 17 апреля 1984 г./ Воен.-мед. акад.: Тез. докл.- Л., 1984.- С.296-296.
  120. Трапезников А.В. О механической прочности различных швов сухожилий // Итоговая конф. ВНО слушателей ВМедА им. С.М.Кирова 12 апреля 1983 г./ Воен.-мед.акад.: Тез. докл.- Л., 1983.- С.277-277.
  121. Трачук А.П. Лечение больных с закрытыми повреждениями ахиллова сухожилия чрескожным удаляемым швом: Дис. … канд. мед. наук.-Санкт-Петербург, 1995.- 217с.
  122. Трубников В.Ф. Заболевания и повреждения опорно-двигательного аппарата / В.Ф. Трубников. – Киев: Здоров´я, 1984. – 328 с.
  123. Устьянцев В.И., Коломиец А.А. Способ лечения повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование. 1991.- N 2.- С.39-41.
  124. Филиппов К. В., Диагностика и лечение подкожных разрывов крупных мышц и их сухожилий. Дис. канд. мед. наук :14.00.22 — 1990
  125. Холевич Я. Шов и пластика в области кисти и пальцев // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1962.- N 12.- С.67-75.
  126. Цыпин И.С. Чрескожный погружной шов при свежих подкожных разрывах ахиллова сухожилия: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- М., 1984.- 21с.
  127. Черкасова Т.И. Функциональные изменения в нервно- мышечном аппарате при травматическом нарушении физиологического натяжения мышц, сухожилий и нервов: Автореф. дис. … докт. мед. наук.- М., 1970.- 20с.
  128. Черкасова Т.И. Характеристика функционального состояния нервно-мышечного аппарата в разные сроки после разрыва ахиллова сухожилия // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1965.- N6.- С.50-55.
  129. Чернавский В.А. Аутопластическое замещение дефекта ахиллова сухожилия при его разрыве // Хирургия.- 1953.- N 2.- С.86-87.
  130. Шугаров Н.А., Лапин В.В., Васин В.А. Сравнительная характеристика реакции ткани сухожилия и паратенона в эксперименте на шовный материал // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1976.- N 6.- С.44-46.
  131. Щербак Н.П. Внутримышечный нервный аппарат голени и стопы человека: Автореф. дис. … канд. мед. наук.- Рязань. 1974.- 21 с.
  132. Эрлих З.А. Отдаленные результаты оперативного лечения повреждений ахиллова сухожилия // Современные методы диагностики и лечения травм опорно-двигательного аппарата.- Кишинев, 1974.- С.64-66.
  133. Ярцев Ю.А. К вопросу о технике сухожильного шва / Ю.А. Ярцев // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование. – 1962. — №12. – С.15-17.
  134. Ярцев Ю.А. К вопросу о технике сухожильного шва // Ортопедия, травматология и протезирование.- 1962.- N 12.- С. 15- 17.
  135. Ястребова Т.А. К вопросу о чувствительной иннервации ахиллова сухожилия у человека // Тр. Кишиневск. мед. ин-та- Кишинев, 1964.- Т.23.- С.66-68.
  136. Abraham E., Pankovich A.M. Neglected rupture of the Achilles tendon. Treatment by V-Y tendinous flap. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1975;57:253-5.
  137. Ackermann P.W., Spetea M., Nylander I., Ploj K., Ahmed M., Kreicbergs A. An opioid system in connective tissue: A study of Achilles tendon in the rat. J Histochem Cytochem 2001; 49:1387–1395.
  138. Ahmed I.M., Lagopoulos M., McConnell P., Soames R.W., Sefton G.K. Blood supply of the Achilles tendon. J Orthop Res 1998; 16:591–596.
  139. Ajis A., Maffulli N. Management of acute tendo Achillis ruptures. Foot Ankle Surg. 2007;13:132-5.
  140. Akizuki K.H., Gartman E.J., Nisonson B. (2001). The relative stress on the Achilles tendon during ambulation in an ankle immobiliser: implications for rehabilitation after Achilles tendon repair. Br J Sport Med 35:329–334
  141. Aktas S., Kocaoglu B. Open versus minimal invasive repair with Achillon device. Foot Ankle Int. 2009 May;30(5):391-7.
  142. Aktas S., Kocaoglu B., Nalbantoglu U., Seyhan M., Guven O. End-to-end versus augmented repair in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007 Sep-Oct;46(5):336-40.
  143. Aktas S., Kocaoglu B., Nalbantoglu U., Seyhan M., Guven O. End-to-End Versus Augmented Repair in the Treatment of Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures.The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 46(5):336–340,2007
  144. Aldam C.H. Repair of calcaneal tendon ruptures. A safe technique // J. Bone Joint Surg Br.- 1989.- Vol.71-B, N 3.- P.486-488.
  145. Alderson P., Green S., Higgins J.P.T., editors. Assessment of study quality.CochraneReviewers’Handbook 4.2.1[updatedDecember 2003]; Section 6. In: The Cochrane Library, Issue 1, 2004. Chichester, UK:John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  146. Alexa O., Veliceasa B., Puha C., Popia I. Suturã percutanã cu Tenolig® în rupturile tendonului achilean. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat., Iasi 2008 vol. 112, nr. 4
  147. Alexander R. M., Bennet-Clark H. C.: Storage of elastic strain energy in muscle and other tissues. Nature, 265: 114-117, 1977.
  148. Allen E., Turk J.L., Murley R., eds. The case books of John Hunter FRS. Eds. London: Royal Society of Medicine Services Limited, 1993.
  149. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. (2005). FootPhysician.com: Haglund’s deformity. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://www.footphysicians.com/footankleinfo/haglunds-deformity.htm
  150. Amis A.A., Campbell J., Kempson S.A. et al. Comparison of the structure of neotendous induced by implantation of carbon or polyester fibres // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1984.- Vol.66-B, N 1.- P.131-139.
  151. Andersen E., Hvass I. Suture of achilles tendon rupture under local anesthesia // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1986.-Vol.57, N 3.- P.235-236.
  152. Anzell S.H., Covey K.W., Weiner A.D. et al. Disruption of muscles of and tendons: an analysis of 1014 cases // Surgery.- 1959.- Vol.45, N 3.- P.406-414.
  153. Aoki M., Ogiwara N., Ohta T., Nabeta Y. Early Motion and Weightbearing After Cross-Stitch Achilles Tendon Repair. Am J Sports Med 1998;26 (6): 794-800.
  154. Aracil J., Pina A., Lozano J. A., Torro V., Escriba I. Percutaneous suture of Achilles tendon ruptures. Foot and Ankle, 13:350-351, 1992.
  155. Arancia G., Crateri Trovalusci P., Mariutti G., Mondovi B. Ultrastructural changes induced by hyperthermia in Chinese hamster V79 fibroblasts. Internat. J. Hyperthermia, 5: 341-350, 1989.
  156. Arndt A. N., Komi P. V., Bruggeman G.-P., Lukkariniemi B. Individual muscle contribution to the in vivo Achilles tendon force.Clin. Biomech., 13: 532-541, 1998.
  157. Arner O., Lindholm Å. Subcutaneous rupture of the achilles tendon: a study of 92 cases // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1959.- Suppl.239.- 51p.
  158. Arner O., Lindholm A. What Is Tennis Leg? Acta Chir. Scandinavica, 116: 73-77. 1958.
  159. Arner O., Lindholm Å., Lindvall N. Roentgen changes in subcutaneous rupture of the achilles tendon // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1958/1959.- Vol.116, Fasc.5-6.- P.496-500.
  160. Arner O., Lindholm Å., Lindvall N. Subcutaneous rupture of the achilles tendon. A new roentgen-diagnostic method // Acta Chir. Scand.- I960.- Vol.119, N 6.- P.523-525.
  161. Arner O., Lindholm Å., Orell S.R. Histologic changes in subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon; a study of 74 cases. Acta Chir Scand. 1959;116:484-90.
  162. Arøen A., Helgø D., Granlund O.G., Bahr R. Contralateral tendon rupture risk is increased in individuals with a previous Achilles tendon rupture. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004 Feb;14(1):30-3.
  163. Aspenberg P., Forslund C. Bone morphogenetic proteins and tendon repair. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000; 10:372–375.
  164. Aspenberg P., Virchenko O. Platelet concentrate injection improves Achilles tendon repair in rats. Acta Orthop Scand. 2004 Feb;75(1):93-9.
  165. Assal M., Jung M., Stern R., Rippstein P., Delmi M., Hoffmeyer P. Limited open repair of Achilles tendon ruptures: a technique with a new instrument and findings of a prospective multicenter study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Feb;84-A(2):161-70.
  166. Assal M., Stern R., Peter R. Fracture of the ankle associated with rupture of the Achilles tendon: case report and review of the literature. J Orthop Trauma 2002, 16:358-61.
  167. Astrom M. Laser Doppler flowmetry in the assessment of tendon blood flow. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2000;10:365—7.
  168. Aström M. Partial rupture in chronic achilles tendinopathy. A retrospective analysis of 342 cases. Acta Orthop Scand. 1998 Aug;69(4):404-7.
  169. Astrom M., Rausing A. A survey of surgical and histopathologic findings. Clin Orthop 1995; 316:151–164.
  170. Åström M., Westlin N. Blood flow in the human Achilles tendon assessed by laser Doppler flowmetry. J. Orthop. Res., 12: 246-252, 1994.
  171. Atherton W., Dangas S., Henry A. Advantages of semiclosed over open method of repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Surg 2000;6:27-30.
  172. Attinger C., Cooper P., Blume P., et al. The safest surgical incisions and amputations applying the angiosome principles and using the Doppler to assess the arterial-arterial connections of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Clin 2001 ;6(4):745-99.
  173. Attinger C.E., Evans K.K., Bulan E., Blume P., Cooper P. 2006. Angiosomes of the foot and ankle and clinical implications for limb salvage: Reconstruction, incisions, and revascularization. Plast Reconstr Surg 117:261S–293S.
  174. Bailey A. J., Lapiere C. M. Effect of an additional peptide extension of the N-terminus of collagen from dermatosparactic calves on the cross-linking of the collagen fibres. European J. Biochem., 34: 91-96, 1973.
  175. Balasubramaniam P., Prathap K. The effect of injection of hydrocortisone into rabbit calcaneal tendons. J. Bone and Joint Surg.,54-B(4): 729-734, 1972.
  176. Ballas M.T., Tytko J., Mannarino F. Commonly missed orthopedic problems. Am Fam Physician. 1998;57:267-74.
  177. Baltzer W.I., Rist P. Achilles tendon repair in dogs using the semitendinosus muscle: surgical technique and short-term outcome in five dogs. Vet Surg. 2009 Aug;38(6):770-9.
  178. Bankart J., Pye-Smith P. H., Phillips J. J. Abormalities observed in the dissecting room. Guy’s Hospital Rep 1869; 29: 239–242.
  179. Barbolini G., Monetti G., Montorsi A., Grandi M. Results with high-definition sonography in the evaluation of Achilles tendon conditions. Italian J. Sports Traumat., 10: 225-234, 1988.
  180. Barfred T. Achilles tendon rupture. Aethiology and pathogenesis of subcutaneous rupture assessed on the basis of the literature and rupture experiments in rats // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1973,-Suppl. 152:7-126.
  181. Barfred T. Experimental rupture of the Achilles tendon. Comparison of experimental ruptures in rats of different ages and living under different conditions. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 42: 406-428, 1971.
  182. Barfred T. Experimental rupture of the Achilles tendon. Comparison of various types of experimental rupture in rats. Acta Orthop.Scandinavica, 42: 528-543, 1971.
  183. Barfred T. Kinesiological comments on subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 42: 397-405, 1971.
  184. Barron J.L., Yocum L.A. Unrecognised Achilles tendon ruptures associated with ipsilateral medial malleolar fracture. Am J Sports Med 1993, 21:629-631.
  185. Bates A., Hanson N. The Principles and Properties of Water. In Aquatic Exercise Therapy. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996, pp. 1-320.
  186. Baums M.H., Buchhorn G.H., Spahn G., Poppendieck B., Schultz W., Klinger H.M. Biomechanical characteristics of single-row repair in comparison to double-row repair with consideration of the suture configuration and suture material. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 Nov;16(11):1052-60. Epub 2008 Aug 29.
  187. Becker H., Davidoff M. Eliminating the gap in flexor tendon surgery. A new method of suture. Hand. 1977 Oct;9(3):306-11.
  188. Bednarczyk J., Jaszczyk R.J. Evaluation of the triceps sure muscle following reconstruction of the inured achilles tendon // Chir. Narzadow Ortop. Pol.- 1971.- Vol.36, Z. 5.- P.597-602.
  189. Bekler H.I., Beyzadeoğlu T., Gökçe A., Servet E. Aseptic drainage associated with polyglactine sutures used for repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2008 Mar-Apr;42(2):135-8.
  190. Benjamin M., Evans E.J., Copp L. The histology of tendon attachments in man. J Anat 1986;149:89–100.
  191. Benjamin M., Kumai T., Milz S., Boszczyk B.M., Boszczyk A.A., Ralphs J.R. The skeletal attachment of tendons: Tendon entheses. Comp Biochem Phys A Mol Integr Physiol 2002; 133:931–945.
  192. Benjamin M., McGonagle D. The anatomical basis for disease localisation in seronegative spondyloarthropathy at entheses and related sites. J Anat 2001; 199:503–526.
  193. Benjamin M., Moriggl B., Brenner E., Emery P., McGonagle D., Redman S. The “enthesis organ” concept: Why enthesopathies may not present as focal insertional disorders. Arth Rheum 2004; 50:3306–3313.
  194. Benjamin M., Redman S., Milz S., Buttner A., Amin A., Moriggl B., Brenner E., Emery P., McGonagle D., Bydder G. Adipose tissue at entheses: The rheumatological implications of its distribution—a potential site of pain and stress dissipation? Ann Rheum Dis 2004b; 63:1549–1555.
  195. Benthien R.A., Aronow M.S., Doran-Diaz V. (2006). Cyclic loading of Achilles tendon repairs: a comparison of polyester and polyblend suture. Foot Ankle Int 27:512–518.
  196. Benyi P. Repair of inveterated ruptures of the Achilles tendon by means of freely transplanted whole-thickness skin grafts // Acta Chir. Acad. Sci. Hungarica.- 1961.- Vol.2.- P.83-97.
  197. Bergel S. Uber die Wirkung des Fibrins. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 35:363-365, 1909.
  198. Bergljung L. (1968) Vascular reaction after tendon suture and tendon transplantation: a stereomicrographic study on the calcaneal tendon of the rabbit. Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg Suppl 4:7–63.
  199. Bergmann R.A., Afi fi A.K., Miyauchi R. Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation. http://www.uh.org/Providers/Texbooks/AnatomicVariants/AnatomyHP.html 2002.
  200. Bernard-Beaubois K., Hecquet C., Hayem G., Rat P., Adolphe M. In vitro study of cytotoxicity of quinolones on rabbit tenocytes. Cell Biol. and Toxicol., 14: 283-292, 1998.
  201. Bertelli R., Gaiani L., Palmonari M. Neglected rupture of the Achilles tendon treated with a percutaneous technique. Foot Ankle Surg. 2009;15(4):169-73. Epub 2009 Feb 8.
  202. Beskin J. L., Sanders R. A., Hunter S. C., Hughston J. C. Surgical repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Am. J. Sports Med., 15:1-8, 1987.
  203. Best, T. M., Collins A., Lilly E. G., Seaber A. V., Goldner R., Murrell G. A. C. Achilles tendon healing: a correlation between functional and mechanical performance in the rat. J. Orthop. Res., 11: 897-906, 1993.
  204. Bhandari M., Guyatt G.H., Siddiqui F., Morrow F., Busse J., Leighton R.K., Sprague S., Schemitsch E.H. Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a systematic overview and metaanalysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2002 Jul;(400):190-200.
  205. Bhattacharyya M., Gerber B. Mini-invasive surgical repair of the Achilles tendon—does it reduce post-operative morbidity? Int Orthop. 2009 Feb;33(1):151-6. Epub 2008 May 22.
  206. Binkley J.M., Peat M. The effects of immobilization on the ultrastructure and mechanical properties of the medial collateral ligament of rats // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1986.- Vol.203.- P.301-308.
  207. Birk D. E., Trelstad R. L. Extracellular compartments in matrix morphogenesis: collagen fibril, bundle, and lamellar formation by corneal fibroblasts. J. Cell Biol., 99: 2024-2033, 1984.
  208. Birk D.E., Fitch J.M., Babiarz J.P., Doane K.J., Linsenmayer T.F. Collagen fibrillogenesis in vitro: Interaction of types I and V collagen regulates fibril diameter. J Cell Sci 1990; 95:649–657.
  209. Bisson L.J., Manohar L.M., Wilkins R.D., Gurske-Deperio J., Ehrensberger M.T. Influence of suture material on the biomechanical behavior of suture-tendon specimens: a controlled study in bovine rotator cuff. Am J Sports Med. 2008 May;36(5):907-12. Epub 2008 Mar 21.
  210. Blitz N.M., Eliot D. J. Anatomical Aspects of the Gastrocnemius Aponeurosis and Its Insertion: A Cadaveric Study. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 2007; 46(2):101–108.
  211. Bluman E. M., Walsh E., DiGiovanni Ch.W. Plantaris Weave With Hewson Suture Passer for Augmentation of Achilles Tendon Repair. Techniques in Foot and Ankle Surgery 3(1):9–14,2004.
  212. Blume M., Lauschke G. Tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Wirksamkeit der Fibrinklebung bei der Versorgung von Achillessehnenverletzungen // Beitr. Orthopad. Traumatol.- 1987.-Bd.34, H.6.- S.309-312.
  213. Bomler J., Sturup J. Achilles tendon rupture. An 8-year follow up. Acta Orthop. Belgica, 55: 307-310, 1989.
  214. Booth F.W., Seider M.J. Recovery of skeletal muscle after three months of hindlimb immobilisation in rats // J. Appl. Physiol.- 1979.- Vol.47, N2.- P.435-439.
  215. Bosch P., Hertz H., Lintner F., Nowotny R. Does the fibrin glue accelerate the healing of tendons? Arch Orthop Traumat Surg 98:305-310, 1981.
  216. Bossley C.J. Rupture of the Achilles tendon. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 2000;82(12):1804.
  217. Bosworth D.M. Repair of defects in the tendon Achilles J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1956.- Vol.38-A, N 1.- P.111-114.
  218. Bottger B.A., Schweitzer M.E., El-Noueam K.I., Desai M. MR imaging of the normal and abnormal retrocalcaneal bursae. Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1239–1241.
  219. Bottger Th., Wacha H., Ungehener F. Die Drahtdurchflichtungsnaht mit Fascia-lata-Plastic zur Behandlung der subkutanen Achillessehnenruptur-eine vealtteteMethode? // Aktuel. Traumatol.- 1986.-Bd.16, H.6.- S.226-229.
  220. Boyden E. M., Kitaoka H. B., Cahalan T. D., An K.-N. Late versus early repair of Achilles tendon rupture: clinical and biomechanical evaluation. Clin. Orthop., 317: 150-158, 1995.
  221. Bradley J.P., Tibone J.E. Percutaneous and open surgical repairs of achilles tendon ruptures. A comparative study // Am. J. Sports Med.- 1990.- Vol.18, N 2.- P.188-195.
  222. Brady H., Quigley C., Stafford F., et al. (1997). Popliteal cyst rupture and the pseudothrombophlebitis syndrome. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 16, 1151–1154.
  223. Bramble D.M., Lieberman D.E. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 2004; 432:345–352.
  224. British National Formulary. No. 32, p. 259. London, British Medical Association, Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 1996.
  225. Bruggeman N., Turner N., Dahm D., et al. Wound complications after open Achilles tendon repair: an analysis of risk factors. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2004;427:63-6.
  226. Buchgraber A., Pаssler H.H. Percutaneous repair of Achilles tendon rupture. Immobilization versus functional postoperative treatment. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1997;(341): 113-22.
  227. Bugg E.I. Jr, Boyd B.M. Repair of neglected rupture or laceration of the Achilles tendon. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1968;56:73-5.
  228. Bunnell S. (1918). Repair of tendons in the fingers and description of two new instruments. Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, 1918, 26: 103–111.
  229. Bunnell S. Surgery of the hand.- 3rd ed.- Philadelphia; Montreal: J.B. Lippoucott Co., 1948.- 1079 p.
  230. Bunnell S. Treatment of injuries of the hand. Cal West Med. 1929 Jan;30(1):1-5.
  231. Campani R., Bottinelli O., Genovese E., Bozzini A., Benazzo F., Barnabei G., Jelmoni G. P., Carella E. Ruolo dell’ecotomografia nella traumatologia da sport dell’arto inferiore. Radiol. Med., 79: 151-162, 1990.
  232. Campbell P., Lawton J.O. Spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon: pathology and management. Br J Hosp Med 1993;50: 321—5.
  233. Canete A.C., Deiparine H.P. Treatment of Chronic Achilles Tendon Rupture with Triple Bundle Suturing Technique and Early Rehabilitation: Early Results. Techniques in Orthopaedics 2006, 21(2):134–142
  234. Cannon L.B., Hackney R.G. Operative shortening of the elongated defunctioned tendoachillies following previous rupture. J R Nav Med Serv 2003;89(3): 139-41.
  235. Canoso J.J. The premiere enthesis. J Rheumatol 1998; 25:1254–1256.
  236. Canoso J.J., Liu N., Traill M.R., Runge V.M. Physiology of the retrocalcaneal bursa. Ann Rheum Dis 1988; 47:910–912.
  237. Canoso J.J., Wohlgethan J.R., Newberg A.H., Goldsmith M.R. Aspiration of the retrocalcaneal bursa. Ann Rheum Dis 1984; 43:308–312.
  238. Cao Y., Liu Y., Liu W., Shan Q., Buonocore S.D., Cui L. Bridging tendon defects using autologous tenocyte engineered tendon in a hen model. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2002;110:1280-9.
  239. Carlstedt C. A. Mechanical and chemical factors in tendon healing. Effects of indomethacin and surgery in the rabbit. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, Supplementum 224, 1987.
  240. Carmont M. R., Maffulli N. Modified percutaneous repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2008) 16:199–203 DOI 10.1007/s00167-007-0411-z
  241. Carmont M.R., Maffulli N. Less invasive Achilles tendon reconstruction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Oct 26;8:100.
  242. Carr A.J., Norris S.H. The blood supply of the calcaneal tendon // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1989.- Vol.71-B, N 1.- P.100-101.
  243. Carriquiry C., Aparecida Costa M., Vasconez L.O. An anatomic study of the septocutaneous vessels of the leg. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1985;76:354-63.
  244. Carter T. R., Fowler P. J., Blokker C. Functional postoperative treatment of Achilles tendon repair. Am. J. Sports Med., 20:459-462, 1992.
  245. Casteleyn P.P., Opdecam P., De Clercq D. Surgical treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures, combined with an external fixation system. Acta Orthop Belg. 1980 May-Jun;46(3):310-3.
  246. Ceccarelli F., Berti L., Giuriati L., et al. Percutaneous and minimally invasive techniques of Achilles tendon repair. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2007;458:188-93.
  247. Cetta G., Tenni R., Zanaboni G., De Luca G., Ippolito E., De Martino C., Castellani A. A. Biomechanical and morphological modifications in rabbit Achilles tendon during maturation and ageing. Biochem. J., 204: 61-67, 1982.
  248. Cetti R. Ruptured achilles tendon — preliminary results of a new treatment // Br. J. Sports Med.- 1988.- Vol.22, N 1.- P.153- 158.
  249. Cetti R., Andersen I. Roentgenographic diagnoses of ruptured Achilles tendons. Clin Orthop 1993;286:215-221
  250. Cetti R., Christensen S.-E. Surgical treatment under local anaesthesia of Achilles tendon rupture. Clin. Orthop., 173: 204-208, 1983.
  251. Cetti R., Christensen S.-E., Ejsted R., Jensen N. M., Jorgensen U. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. A prospective randomized study and review of the literature. Am. J. Sports Med., 21: 791-799, 1993.
  252. Cetti R., Christensen S.-E., Reuther K. Ruptured Achilles tendon treated surgically under local anesthesia // Acta Orthop.Scand.- 1981.- Vol.52, N 6.- P.675-677.
  253. Cetti R., Henriksen L.O., Jacobsen K.S. A new treatment of ruptured Achilles tendons. A prospective randomized study. Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 1994;308:155–65.
  254. Chan B. P., Chan K. M., Maffulli N., Webb S., Lee K. K. H. Effect of basic fibroblast growth factor. An in vitro study of tendon healing. Clin. Orthop., 342: 239-247, 1997.
  255. Chana J.S., Chen H.C., Jain V. A new incision for surgery on tendo Achillis using a distally-based fasciocutaneous flap. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002 Nov;84(8):1142-4.
  256. Chao W., Deland J.T., Bates J.E., Kenneally S.M. Achilles tendon insertion: An in vitro anatomic study. Foot Ankle Int 1997; 18:81–84.
  257. Chen T.M., Rozen W.M., Pan W.R., Ashton M.W., Richardson M.D., Taylor G.I. The arterial anatomy of the Achilles tendon: anatomical study and clinical implications. Clin Anat. 2009 Apr;22(3):377-85.
  258. Chillemi C., Gigante A., Verdenelli A., Marinelli M., Ulisse S., Morgantini A., De Palma L. Percutaneous repair of Achilles tendon rupture: ultrasonographical and isokinetic evaluation Foot and Ankle Surgery 2002 8:267-276
  259. Chow S.P., Hooper G., Chon C.W. The healing of freeze-dried rabbit flexor tendon in a synovial fluid environment // The Hand.- 1983.- Vol.15, N 2.- P.136-142.
  260. Christensen I. Rupture of the Achilles tendon; analysis of 57 cases. Acta Chir Scand. 1953;106:50-60.
  261. Cioppa-Mosca JeMe, Cahill J.B., Cavanaugh J.T., Corradi-Scalise D., Rudnick H., Wolff A.L. Postsurgical Rehabilitation Guidelines for the Orthopedic Clinician with DVD ROM by Hospital for Special Surgery Department of rehabilitation. 608 pages, Mosby New York: JUN-2006. ISBN-13: 978-0-323-03200-1; ISBN-10: 0-323-03200-1
  262. Citak M., Knobloch K., Albrecht K., Krettek C., Hufner T. Anatomy of the sural nerve in a computer-assisted model: implications for surgical minimal-invasive Achilles tendon repair. Br J Sports Med. 2007 Jul;41(7):456-8; discussion 458. Epub 2007 Mar 8.
  263. Clain M. R., Baxter, D. E. Achilles tendinitis. Foot and Ankle, 13: 482-487, 1992.
  264. Clement D. B., Taunton J. E., Smart G. W. Achilles tendinitis and peritendinitis: etiology and treatment. Am. J. Sports Med., 12:179-184, 1984.
  265. Conway A.M., Dorner R.W., Zuckner J. Regeneration of resected calcaneal tendon of the rabbit // Anat. Rec.- 1967.- Vol.158, N1.- P.43-49.
  266. Coombs R. R. H., Klenerman L., Narcisi P., Nichols A., Pope F. M. Collagen typing in Achilles tendon rupture. In Proceedings of the British Orthopaedic Research Society. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 62-B(2): 258, 1980.
  267. Copeland S. A. Rupture of the Achilles tendon: a new clinical test. Ann. Roy. Coll. Surgeons England, 72: 270-271, 1990.
  268. Costa M.L., MacMillan K., Halliday D., Chester R., Shepstone L., Robinson A.H., Donell S.T. Randomised controlled trials of immediate weight-bearing mobilisation for rupture of the tendo Achillis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2006 Jan;88(1):69-77.
  269. Cotta H., Sommer H.M. Subcutane Muskel-und Schnenrupturen // Orthopade.- 1989.- Bd.18, H.4.- S.284-293.
  270. Crass J. R.; van de Vegte G. L., Harkavy L. A. Tendon echogenicity: ex vivo study. Radiology, 167: 499-501, 1988.
  271. Cretnik A., Frank A. Incidence and outcome of rupture of the Achilles tendon. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2004;116:33—8.
  272. Cretnik A., Kosanović M., Smrkolj V. Percutaneous suturing of the ruptured Achilles tendon under local anesthesia. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2004 Mar-Apr;43(2):72-81.
  273. Cretnik A., Zlaipah L., Smrkolj V., Kosanovic M. The strength of percutaneous methods of repair of the Achilles tendon: a biomechanical study. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000; 32 (1): 16-20.
  274. Crolla P.M.P.H., van Leeuwen D.M., van Ramshorst B. et al. Acute rupture of the tendo calcaneus. Surgical repair with functional aftertreatment // Acta Orthopaed. Belg.- 1987.- Vol.53, N4.-P.492-494.
  275. Cummins E. J., Anson B. J., Carr B. W., Wright R. R.: The structure of the calcaneal tendon (of Achilles) in relation to orthopaedic surgery. With additional observations on the plantaris muscle. Surg., Gynec. and Obstet., 83: 107-116, 1946.
  276. Curwin S. Tendon Injuries: Pathology and Treatment. In Zachazewski, J.E., Magee, D.J., Quillen, W.S. (Eds). Athletic Injuries and Rehabilitation. WB Saunders, Philadelphia, 1996.
  277. Dabernig J., Shilov B., Schumacher O., Lenz C., Dabernig W., Schaff J. Functional reconstruction of Achilles tendon defects combined with overlaying skin defects using a free tensor fasciae latae flap. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2006;59:142-7.
  278. Dalal R.B., Zenios M. The flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer for chronic tendo achilles ruptures revisited. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2003;85:283.
  279. Davidson R. G., Taunton J. E. Achilles tendinitis. Med. Sports Sci., 23: 71-79, 1987.
  280. Davidsson L., and Salo, M.: Pathogenesis of subcutaneous tendon ruptures. Acta Chir. Scandinavica, 135: 209-212, 1969.
  281. Davies G. Open Kinetic Chain Assessment and Rehabilitation, Athletic Training. Sports Health Care Perspect 1995;1(4):347-370.
  282. de Vos R.J., Weir A., van Schie H.T., Bierma-Zeinstra S.M., Verhaar J.A., Weinans H., Tol J.L.  Platelet-rich plasma injection for chronic Achilles tendinopathy: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010 Jan 13;303(2):144-9.
  283. Dederich R., Bonse H., Hild A. et al. Achillessehnenrupturen: Ursachen- Operationstechnik Ergebnisse Begutachtungsprobleme // Unfallchirurg.- 1988.- Bd.91, H. 6.- S.259-269.
  284. Delponte P., Potier L., de Poulpiquet P., Buisson P. Treatment of subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon by percutaneous tenorraphy. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 78:404–407, 1992.
  285. Delponte P., Potier L., de Poulpiquet P., Buisson P. Treatment of subcutaneous ruptures of the Achilles tendon by percutaneous tenorraphy. Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot 78:404–407, 1992.
  286. Denstad T.F., Roaas A. Surgical treatment of partial Achilles tendon rupture. Am J Sports Med. 1979 Jan-Feb;7(1):15-7.
  287. Dent C. M., Graham G. P. Osteogenesis imperfecta and Achilles tendon rupture. Injury, 22: 239-240, 1991.
  288. Desplanches D., Mayet M.H., Sempore B., et al. Structural and functional responses to prolonged hindlimb suspension in rat muscle // J. Appl. Physiol.- 1987.- Vol.63, N 2.- P.558-563.
  289. Deutsch A. L., Mink J. H. Magnetic resonance imaging of musculoskeletal injuries. Radiol. Clin. North America, 27: 983-1002, 1989.
  290. Di Stefano V.J., Nixon J.E. Achilles tendon rupture: pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment by a modified pullout wire technique // J. Trauma.- 1972.- Vol.12, N 8.- P.671-677.
  291. Diab M. Lexicon of orthopaedic etymology. Singapore: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.
  292. Din R., Matthews G. Anatomical variation of the soleus muscle: an unusual cause of calf tenderness and swelling (Case report) The Foot (1999) 9, 195–196
  293. DiStefano V. J., Nixon J. E. Ruptures of the Achilles tendon. J. Sports Med., 1: 34-37, 1973.
  294. Dobson M.H., Nguyen C. Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 May;88(5):1160; author reply 1160.
  295. Dodds W. N., Burry, H. C. The relationship between Achilles tendon rupture and serum uric acid level. Injury, 16: 94-95, 1984.
  296. Doral M.N., Bozkurt M., Turhan E., Ayvaz M., Atay O.A., Uzümcügil A., Leblebicioğlu G., Kaya D., Aydoğ T. Percutaneous suturing of the ruptured Achilles tendon with endoscopic control. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009 Aug;129(8):1093-101. Epub 2009 Apr 29.
  297. Douglas J., Kelly M., Blachut P. Clarification of the Simmonds-Thompson test for rupture of an Achilles tendon. Can J Surg. 2009 Jun;52(3):E40-1.
  298. Eaton C.J. Possible complication of belt loop pulley reconstruction. J Hand Surg Am. 1993 Jan;18(1):169-70.
  299. Ebinesan A.D., Sarai B.S., Walley G.D., Maffulli N. Conservative, open or percutaneous repair for acute rupture of the Achilles tendon. Disabil Rehabil. 2008;30(20-22):1721-5.
  300. Edna T.-H. Non-operative treatment of achilles tendon ruptures // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1980.- Vol.51, N 6.- P.991-993.
  301. Edwards D. A. W. The blood supply and lymphatic drainage of tendons. J. Anat., 80: 147-152, 1946.
  302. Egawa J., Doi T., Tajima T., Okayama T. Subcutaneous rupture of the tendon and muscle. Seikei Geka. 1969 Nov;20(14):1442-4
  303. Engvall, E.; Ruoslahti, E.; and Miller, E. J.: Affinity of fibronectin to collagens of different genetic types and to fibrinogen. J. Exper.Med., 147: 1584-1595, 1978.
  304. Enwemeka C.S., Spielholz N.I., Nelson A.J. The effect of early functional activities on experimentally tenotomized in rats // Am. J. Phys. Med. Rehabil.- 1988.- Vol.67, N 6.- P.264-269.
  305. Eustachius B. Tabulae Anatomicae. Rome: Gonzagae,1714:82.
  306. Eyb R. Subcutane Achillessehnenruptur Vergleichende Nachunter suchung zweier Operationsverfahren // Unfallheikunde.- 1981.- Bd.84, №.10.- S.427-431.
  307. Fahlstrom M., Bjornstig U., Lorentzon R. Acute Achilles tendon rupture in badminton players. Am. J. Sports Med., 26: 467-470, 1998.
  308. Feibel J.B., Bernacki B.L. A review of salvage procedures after failed Achilles tendon repair. Foot Ankle Clin 2003;8(1):105-14.
  309. Fenwick S.A., Hazleman B.L., Riley G.P. The vasculature and its role in the damaged and healing tendon. Arth Res 2002; 4:252–260.
  310. Filardo G., Presti M.L., Kon E., Marcacci M. Nonoperative biological treatment approach for partial Achilles tendon lesion. Orthopedics. 2010 Feb 1;33(2):120-3.
  311. Fisch J.B. Ruptured achilles tendon- a method of repair // Contemp. Orthop.- 1982.- Vol.5, N 1.- P.21-25.
  312. FitzGibbons R. E., Hefferon J., Hill J. Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair. Am. J. Sports Med., 21: 724-727, 1993.
  313. Flavin R., Gibney R., O’Rouke S.K. (2006). A clinical test to avoid sural nerve injuries in percutaneous Achilles tendon repairs. Presented at The British Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society, 15–17 November 2006, Crewe.
  314. Fletcher M.D., Warren P.J. Sural nerve injury associated with neglected tendo Achilles ruptures. Br J Sports Med. 2001 Apr;35(2):131-2.
  315. Fornage B. D., Rifkin M. D. Ultrasound examination of tendons. Radiol. Clin. North America, 26: 87-107, 1988.
  316. Fornage B.D. Achilles tendon: US examination. Radiology. 1986;159:759-64.
  317. Forni I. Pedicled tendon transfer in the repair of subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. Italian J. Orthop. and Traumat., 7:299-303; 1981.
  318. Fortis A.P., Dimas A., Lamprakis A.A. Repair of achilles tendon rupture under endoscopic control. Arthroscopy. 2008 Jun;24(6):683-8.
  319. Fox J. M., Blazina M. E., Jobe F. W., Kerlan R. K., Carter V. S., Shields C. L., Jr., Carlson G. J.: Degeneration and rupture of the Achilles tendon. Clin. Orthop., 107: 221-224, 1975.
  320. Frankel V.H., Nordin M. Basic biomechanics of the skeletal system.- Philadelphia, 1980.- 303 p.
  321. Frenette J.P., Jackson D.W. Lacerations of the flexor hallucis longus in the young athlete. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977;59:673-6.
  322. Frey C., Rosenberg Z., Shereff M.J., Kim H. The retrocalcaneal bursa: Anatomy and bursography. Foot Ankle 1992; 13:203–207.
  323. Fritsch H. Sectional anatomy of connective tissue structures in the hindfoot of the newborn child and the adult. Anat Rec 1996; 246:147–154.
  324. Fruensgaard S., Helmig P., Riis J. et al. Conservative treatment for acute rupture of the achilles tendon // Int. Orthop.(SICOT).- 1992.- Vol.16, N 1.- P.33-35.
  325. Fukashiro S., Itoh M., Ichinose Y., Kawakami Y., Fukunaga T. Ultrasonography gives directly but noninvasively elastic characteristic of human tendon in vivo. European J. Appl. Physiol. and Occup. Physiol., 71: 555-557, 1995.
  326. Fukashiro S., Komi P. V., Järvinen M., and Miyashita M. In vivo Achilles tendon loading during jumping in humans. European J. Appl.Physiol. and Occup. Physiol., 71: 453-458, 1995.
  327. Gabel S., Manoli A. 2nd. Neglected rupture of the Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Int. 1994;15:512-7.
  328. Gaines J.J. The pathology of alkaptotonuric ochronosis. Human Pathol 1989;20(1):40–6.
  329. Gamble J.G., Edwards С.С., Max S.R. Enzymatic adaptation in ligaments during immobilisation // Am. J. Sports Med.- 1984.- Vol.12, N 3.- P.221-228.
  330. Ganong W. F. Circulating body fluids. In Review of Medical Physiology. Ed. 16, pp. 469-493. Norwalk, Connecticut, Appleton and Lange, 1993.
  331. Gao J., Messner K., Ralphs J.R., Benjamin M. An immunohistochemical study of enthesis development in the medial collateral ligament of the rat knee joint. Anat Embryol 1996; 194:399–406.
  332. Garden D.G., Noble J., Chalmers J., et al. Rupture of the calcaneal tendon (the early and late management) // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1987.- Vol.69-B, N 3.- P.416-420.
  333. Garnetia N., Muralikuttan K., Shenolikar A.Case report: Ankle fracture associated with an Achilles tendon rupture: a rare injuryFoot and Ankle Surgery 11 (2005) 219–222.
  334. Gelberman R.H., Woo S. L.-Y., Lothringer K. et al. Effects of early intermittent passive mobilisation on healing canine flexor tendons // J. Hand Surg.- 1982.- Vol.7, N 2.- P.170-175.
  335. Gerdes M.H., Brown T.D., Bell A.L., Baker J.A., Levson M., Layer S. A flap augmentation technique for Achilles tendon repair. Postoperative strength and functional outcome. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1992;280:241-6.
  336. Gerich T. G., Fu F. H., Robbins P. D., Evans C. H. Prospects for gene therapy in sports medicine. Knee Surg., Sports Traumat.,Arthrosc., 4: 180-187, 1996.
  337. Gigante A., Moschini A., Verdenelli A., Del Torto M., Ulisse S., de Palma L. Open versus percutaneous repair in the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture: a randomized prospective study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 Feb;16(2):204-9. Epub 2007 Dec 8.
  338. Gillespie H. S., George E. A. Results of surgical repair of spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. J. Trauma, 9: 247-249, 1969.
  339. Gillies H., Chalmers J. The management of fresh ruptures of the tendo achillis // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1970.- Vol.52-A, N 2.- P.337-343.
  340. Glanois D. Ruptures et places du tendon d’Achille. A propos de 24 observations [ These … ].- Lyon, 1969.- 90c.
  341. Gluckert K., Pesch H.J. Fibrinklebung bei Sehnenlasionen—Experimentelle Erfahrungen und klinische Aspekte. In Fibrinklebung, p 221, edited by J Scheele, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1984.
  342. Goldman S., Linscheid R.L., Bickel W.H. Disruptions of the tendo achillis. Analysis of 33 cases // Pros. Mayo Clin.- 1969.- Vol.44, N 1.- P.28-35.
  343. Goldwyn R.M. Z-plasty skin closure after lengthening the Achilles tendon.Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973 Oct;52(4):431.
  344. Goren D., Ayalon M., Nyska M. Isokinetic strength and endurance after percutaneous and open surgical repair of Achilles tendon ruptures. Foot Ankle Int 2005;26(4):286-90.
  345. Gorschewsky O., Vogel U., Schweizer A., van Laar B. Percutaneous tenodesis of the Achilles tendon A new surgical method for the treatment of acute Achilles tendon rupture through percutaneous tenodesis Injury, Int. J. Care Injured 30 (1999) 315-321.
  346. Graf J., Schneider U., Niethard F.U. Die Mikrozikulation der Achillessehne und die Bedentung des Paratenous. Eine Untersuchung mit der Plastinationsmethode // Handchir. Mikrochir. Plast. Chir.- 1990.-Vol.22, N 3.- P.163-166.
  347. Graham S.C., Roy R.R., West S.P., et al. Exercise effects on the size and metabolic properties of soleus fibres in hindlimb- suspended rats // Aviat. Space Environ. Med.- 1989.- Vol.60, N 3.- P.226-234.
  348. Green S.M., Briggs P.J. A reversed Z-plasty skin incision for Achilles tendon reconstruction Foot and Ankle Surgery 2002 8:277-280
  349. Grisogono V. Physiotherapy treatment for Achilles tendon injuries. Physiotherapy, 75: 562-572, 1989.
  350. Gross M. T.: Chronic tendinitis: pathomechanics of injury, factors affecting the healing response, and treatment. J. Orthop. and Sports Phys. Ther., 16: 248-261, 1992.
  351. Haas V.F., Haibock H., Reindl P. Achillessehnenklebung mit Fibrinkleber // Zbl. Chir.- 1987.- Bd.112, H.2.- S.99-104.
  352. Haertsch P.A. The blood supply to the skin of the leg: a post-mortem investigation. Br J Plast Surg. 1981;34:470-7.
  353. Haertsch P.A. The surgical plane in the leg // Br. J. Plast. Surg.- 1981.- Vol.34, N 4.- P.464-469.
  354. Häggmark T., Eriksson E. Hypotrophy of the soleus muscle in man after Achilles tendon rupture. Discussion of findings obtained by computed tomography and morphologic studies. Am. J. Sports Med., 7: 121-126, 1979.
  355. Häggmark Т., Eriksson E., Jansson E. Muscle fiber type changes in human skeletal muscle after injuries and immobilization // Orthopedics.- 1986.- Vol.9, N 2.- P.181-185.
  356. Häggmark Т., Liedberg H., Eriksson E., et al. Calf muscle atrophy and muscle function after non-operative vs operative treatment of achilles tendon ruptures // Orthopedics.- 1986.- Vol.9, N2.- P.160-164.
  357. Haibock H.F., Michalowski K.A. Wie ist die Methode der operativen Versorgung von Achillessehnenrupturen mit Fibrinkleber zu beurteilen. Iatros Orthopedie 1:17-20, 1986.
  358. Haines J.F. Bilateral rupture of the achilles tendon in patients on steroid therapy // Ann. Rheum. Dis.- 1983.- Vol.42, N6.- P.652-654.
  359. Haji A., Sahai A., Symes A., et al. Percutaneous versus open tendo Achillis repair. Foot Ankle Int 2004;25(4):215-8.
  360. Halasi T., Tallay A., Berkes I. Percutaneous Achilles tendon repair with and without endoscopic control. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2003;11:409-414.
  361. Haraguchi N., Bluman E.M., Myerson M.S. Reconstruction of chronic Achilles tendon disorders with Achilles tendon allograft. Special focus. Tech Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;4:154-9.
  362. Harcke H.T., Grissom L.E., Finkelstein M.S. Evaluation of the musculoskeletal system with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1988;150:1253-61.
  363. Hart T.J., Napoli R.C. Diagnosis and treatment of the ruptured achilles tendon // J. Foot Surg.- 1988.- Vol.27, N 1.- P.30-39.
  364. Hasday C., Greenfield J., Hansen J. et al. Achilles tendon rupture. A case report of percutaneous tendon repair // J. Am. Podiatr. Med. Assoc.- 1987.- Vol.77, N 11.- P.596-600.
  365. Håstad K., Larsson L.-G., Lindholm Å. Clearance of radiosodium after local deposit in the Achilles tendon. Acta Chir. Scandinavica, 116: 251-255, 1958-1959.
  366. Hattrup S.J., Johnson K.A. A review of ruptures of the achilles tendon // Foot Ankle.- 1985.- Vol.6, N 1.- P.34-38.
  367. Hauschka E.O., Roy R.R., Edgerton V.R. Periodic weight support effects on rat soleus fibers after hindlimb suspension // J. Appl. Physiol.- 1988.- Vol.65, N 3.- P.1231-1237.
  368. Hawkins D., Bey M. Muscle and tendon force-length properties and their interactions in vivo. J. Biomech., 30: 63-70, 1997.
  369. He Q., Li Q., Chen B., Wang Z. Repair of flexor tendon defects of rabbit with tissue engineering method. Chin J Traumatol. 2002;5:200-8.
  370. Helal В., Chen S.C. Repair of the tendo achilles // Operative surgery: Orthopaedics.- London; Boston, 1979.- Pt 2.- P.861-864.
  371. Herbort M., Haber A., Zantop T., Gosheger G., Rosslenbroich S., Raschke M.J., Petersen W. Biomechanical comparison of the primary stability of suturing Achilles tendon rupture: a cadaver study of Bunnell and Kessler techniques under cyclic loading conditions. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2008 Nov;128(11):1273-7. Epub 2008 Feb 29.
  372. Hess G. P., Cappiello W. L., Poole R. M., Hunter S. C. Prevention and treatment of overuse tendon injuries. Sports Med., 8:371-384, 1989.
  373. Hicks J.H. The mechanics of the foot. J Anat 1953; 87:345–357.
  374. Hirsch G. Tensile properties during tendon healing // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1974.- Suppl.153.
  375. Hirsh J., Guyatt G., Albers G.W., et al. Executive summary: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines 8th edition. Chest 2008;133(Suppl 6):71S-109S.
  376. Hockenbury R. T., Johns J. C. A biomechanical in vitro comparison of open versus percutaneous repair of tendon Achilles. Foot and Ankle, 11: 67-72, 1990.
  377. Hoffmeyer P., Freuler C., Cox J.N. Pathological changes in the triceps sure muscle after rupture of the achilles tendon Int. Orthop.(SICOT) .- 1990.- Vol.14, N 2.- P.183-188.
  378. Hogsaa В., Nohr M., Lass P., et al. Surgical treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures // Unfallchirurg.- 1990.- J.93, H. 1.- S.40-43.
  379. Hohendorff B., Siepen W., Spiering L., Staub L., Schmuck T., Boss A. Long-term results after operatively treated Achilles tendon rupture: fibrin glue versus suture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008 Sep-Oct;47(5):392-9. Epub 2008 Jul 14.
  380. Homer. The Iliad. Nagles R, translator-editor. New York: Viking; 1996.
  381. Hooker C.H. Rupture of tendo calcaneus // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1963.- Vol.45-B, N 2.- P.360-363.
  382. Hosey G., Kowalchick E., Tesoro D., Balazsy J., Klocek J., Pederson B., Wertheimer S. J. Comparison of the mechanical and histologic properties of Achilles tendons in New Zealand White rabbits secondarily repaired with Marlex mesh. J. Foot Surg., 30:214-233, 1991.
  383. Hosey Т., Wertheimer S. A retrospective study on surgical repair of the achilles tendon // J. Foot Surg.- 1984.- Vol.23, N2.-P.112-115.
  384. Howard C.B., Winston I., Bell W., Mackie I., Jenkins D.H. Late repair of the calcaneal tendon with carbon fibre. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1984;66:206-8.
  385. Huffard B., O’Loughlin P.F., Wright T., Deland J., Kennedy J.G. Achilles tendon repair: Achillon system vs. Krackow suture: an anatomic in vitro biomechanical study. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2008 Nov;23(9):1158-64. Epub 2008 Jul 18.
  386. Ikai M., Fukunaga, T. Calculation of muscle strength per unit cross-sectional area of human muscle by means of ultrasonic measurement. Internat. Zeitschr. angew Physiol., 26: 26-32, 1968.
  387. Inglis A.E., Scott W.M., Sculco T.P., Patterson A.K. Ruptures of the tendon achilles. An objective assesment of surgical and non-surgical treatment // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1976.- Vol. 58- A, N7.- P.990-993.
  388. Inglis A.E., Sculco T.P. Surgical repair of ruptures of the tendo achillis // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1981.- Vol.156.- P.160-169.
  389. Ingvar J., Tagil M., Eneroth M. (2005). Nonoperative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Acta Orthopedica, 76(4), 597–601.
  390. Ippolito E., Natali P. G., Postacchini F., Accinni L., de Martino C. Morphological, immunochemical, and biochemical study of rabbit Achilles tendon at various ages. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 62-A: 583-598, June 1980.
  391. Ireland D., Harrall R., Curry V., Holloway G., Hackney R., Hazleman B., Riley G. Multiple changes in gene expression in chronic human Achilles tendinopathy. Matrix Biol 2001; 20:159–169.
  392. Ismail M., Karim A., Shulman R., Amis A., Calder J. The Achillon achilles tendon repair: is it strong enough? Foot Ankle Int. 2008 Aug;29(8):808-13.
  393. Jaakkola J. I., Hutton W. C., Beskin J. L., Lee G. P. Achilles tendon rupture repair: biomechanical comparison of the triple bundle technique versus the Krakow locking loop technique. Foot Ankle Int 2000; 21 (1): 14-7.
  394. Jaakkola J.l., Beskin J.L., Griffith L.H., et al. Early ankle motion after triple bundle technique repair vs. casting for acute Achilles tendon rupture. Foot Ankle Int 2001;22(12):979-84.
  395. Jacobs D., Martens M., Van Andekercke R., et al. Comparison of conservative and operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture // Am. J. Sports Med.- 1978.- Vol.6, N 2.- P.107- 111.
  396. Jarvinen M., Józsa L., Kannus P., Jarvinen T. L., Kvist M., Leadbetter W. Histopathological findings in chronic tendon disorders. Scandinavian J. Med. and Sci. Sports, 7: 86-95, 1997.
  397. Jennings A.G, Sefton G.K. Chronic rupture of tendo Achillis. Long-term results of operative management using polyester tape. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2002;84:361-3.
  398. Jessing P., Hansen E. Surgical treatment of 102 tendo achilles ruptures — suture or tenontoplasty ? // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1975.- Vol.141, N 5.- P.370-377.
  399. Johnson M.A., Polgar J., Weightman D., et al. Data on the distribution of fibre types in thirty-six human muscles. An autopsy study // J. Neurol. Sci.- 1973.- Vol.18. — P.111-129.
  400. Józsa L., Balint J. B., Kannus P., Reffy A., Barzo M. Distribution of blood groups in patients with tendon rupture. An analysis of 832 cases. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 71-B(2): 272-274, 1989.
  401. Jozsa L., Kannus P. Histopathological findings in spontaneous tendon ruptures. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1997;7(2):113–8.
  402. Józsa L., Kannus P., Jarvinen T. A., Balint J., Jarvinen M. Blood flow in rat gastrocnemius muscle and Achilles tendon after Achilles tenotomy. European Surg. Res., 30: 125-129, 1998.
  403. Józsa L., Kió G. Human Tendons: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 1997.
  404. Józsa L., Kvist M., Balint B. J., Reffy A., Jarvinen M., Lehto M., Barzo M. The role of recreational sport activity in Achilles tendon rupture. A clinical, pathoanatomical, and sociological study of 292 cases. Am. J. Sports Med., 17: 338-343, 1989.
  405. Józsa L., Kvist M., Kannus P., et al. The effect of tenotomy and immobilisation on muscle spindles and tendon organs of the rat calf muscles. A histochemical and morphometrical study // ActaNeurupathol. (Berl).- 1988.-Bd.76, H.5.- S.465-470.
  406. Józsa L., Lehto M., Kannus P., Kvist M., Reffy A., Vieno T., Jarvinen M., Demel S., Elek E. Fibronectin and laminin in Achilles tendon. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 60: 469-471, 1989.
  407. Jung H.G., Lee K.B., Cho S.G., Yoon T.R. Outcome of achilles tendon ruptures treated by a limited open technique. Erratum in: Foot Ankle Int. 2008 Sep;29(9):vi. Foot Ankle Int. 2008 Aug;29(8):803-7.
  408. Kabbani Y. M., Mayer D. P. Magnetic resonance imaging of tendon pathology about the foot and ankle. Part I. Achilles tendon. J. Am. Podiat. Med. Assn., 83: 418-420, 1993.
  409. Kader D., Deehan D. J., Maffulli N. What is the best treatment of subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon? Chapter 29 from Evidence-based Sports Medicine, Second Edition. Edited by Domhnall MacAuley and Thomas M. Best. © 2007 by Blackwell Publishing ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-3298-5.
  410. Kager H. Zur Klinik und Diagnostik des Achillessehnenrisses // Chirurg.- 1939.- Bd.ll.- S.691-695.
  411. Kakiuchi M. A combined open and percutaneous technique for repair of tenbo Achiiiis. Comparison with open repair. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1995:77:60-63
  412. Kälebo P., Goksör L.-Å., Swärd L., Peterson L. Soft-tissue radiography, computed tomography, and ultrasonography of partial Achilles tendon ruptures. Acta Radiol., 31: 565-570, 1990.
  413. Kangas J., Pajala A., Ohtonen P., Leppilahti J. Achilles tendon elongation after rupture repair: a randomized comparison of 2 postoperative regimens. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Jan;35(1):59-64. Epub 2006 Sep 14.
  414. Kangas J., Pajala A., Siira P., Hamalainen M., Leppilahti J. Early functional treatment versus early immobilization in tension of the musculotendinous unit after Achilles rupture repair: A prospective, randomized, clinical study. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection and Critical Care 2003;54(6):1171–81.
  415. Kannus P. Tendon pathology: basic sciences and clinical applications. Sports Exerc. and Injury, 3: 62, 1997.
  416. Kannus P., Józsa L. Histopathological changes preceding spontaneous rupture of a tendon. A controlled study of 891 patients // J.Bone Joint Surg.- 1991.- Vol.73-A, N 10.- P.1507-1525.
  417. Kannus P., Jozsa L., Natri A., Jarvinen M. Effects of training, immobilization and remobilization on tendons. Scand J Med Sci Sports 1997;7(2):67–71.
  418. Karcz M.J., Skawina A., Gorczyca J., Danilewicz M. The arterial vascularisation of the human calcaneus (Achilles) tendo during the prenatal development. Folia Morphol (Warsz) 1996;55:306—8.
  419. Karpakka J. A., Palokangas H., Kovanen V., Takala, T. The effects of immobilization on the quality of Achilles tendon in rats. Scandinavian J. Med. and Sci. Sports, 1: 55-58, 1991.
  420. Kastelic J., Baer E. Deformation in tendon collagen. In: Vincent JFV, Currey JD, editors. The mechanical properties of biologic materials. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press; 1980. p. 397–435.
  421. Kastelic J., Galeski A., Baer E. The multicomposite structure of tendon. Connect Tissue Res 1978;6(1):11–23.
  422. Kato Y. P., Dunn M. G., Zawadsky J. P., Tria A. J., Silver F. H. Regeneration of Achilles tendon with a collagen tendon prosthesis. Results of a one-year implantation study. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 73-A: 561-574, April 1991.
  423. Kellam J. F., Hunter G. A., McElwain J. P. Review of the operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Clin. Orthop., 201:80-83, 1985.
  424. Keller J., Bak B. The use of anesthesia for surgical treatment of achilles tendon rupture // Orthopedics.- 1989.- Vol.12, N3.- P.431-433.
  425. Keller J., Bremholm Rasmussen T. Closed treatment of achilles tendon rupture // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1984.- Vol.55, N 5.- P.548-550.
  426. Kendall F., McCreary E. Muscles Testing and Function, 4th ed., chap 7. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, 1993.
  427. Kennedy J. C., Willis R. B. The effects of local steroid injections on tendons: a biomechanical and microscopic correlative study.Am. J. Sports Med., 4: 11-21, 1976.
  428. Ker R. F. Dynamic tensile properties of the plantaris tendon of sheep (ovis aries). J. Exper. Biol., 93: 283-302, 1981.
  429. Ker R.F. The implications of the adaptable fatigue quality of tendons for their construction, repair and function. Comp Biochem Physiol 2002; 133A:987–1000.
  430. Ker R.F., Bennett M.B., Bibby S.R., Kester R.C., Alexander R.M. The spring in the arch of the human foot. Nature 1987; 325:147–149.
  431. Kerkhoffs G.M., Struijs P.A., Raaymakers E.L., Marti R.K. Functional treatment after surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon rupture: wrap vs walking cast. Archives of Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery2002;122(2):102–5.
  432. Kerr J. Achilles tendon injury: assessment and management in the emergency department. Emerg Nurse. 2005 May;13(2):32-8.
  433. Kessler I. The «grasping» technique for tendon repair. Hand. 1973 Oct;5(3):253-5.
  434. Ketchum L.D., Martin N.L., Kappel D.A. Experimental evaluation of factors affecting the strength of tendon repairs // Plast. Reconstr. Surg.- 1977.- Vol.59, N 5.- P.708-719.
  435. Khan R.J., Fick D., Brammar T.J., Crawford J., Parker M.J. Interventions for treating acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004;(3):CD003674. Review. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(1):CD003674.
  436. Khan R.J., Fick D., Keogh A., Crawford J., Brammar T., Parker M. Treatment of acute achilles tendon ruptures. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Oct;87(10):2202-10.
  437. Kiaerr S. The invalidism after cutting of the tendons of the hand. A lecture at «Forsikringslaegernes Forening» (the Insurаnce Doctors’Association), Mаy thе 7th. 1931
  438. Kirby N.G. Exercise ishaemia in the fascial compartment of soleus. Report of a case // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1970.- Vol.52-B, N4.- P.738-740.
  439. Kirk N.T. Sterling Bunnell. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1958 Apr;40-A(2):488-90.
  440. Kirkendall D. T., Garrett W. E. Function and biomechanics of tendons. Scandinavian J. Med. and Sci. Sports, 7: 62-66, 1997.
  441. Kirkup J. Mythology and history. In: Helal B, Wilson D, eds. The foot. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1988:2.
  442. Kirkup John R. Nicolas Andry and 250 years of orthopaedy. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1991; 73-B :361-2.
  443. Kissel C.G., Blacklidge D.K., Crowley D.L. Repair of neglected Achilles tendon ruptures—procedure and functional results. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1994;33:46-52.
  444. Kitaoka H.B., Alexander I.J., Adelaar R.S., Nunley J.A., Myerson M.S., Sanders M. Clinical rating systems for the ankle-hindfoot, mid-foot, hallux and lesser toes. Foot Ankle Int. 1994; 15:135-49.
  445. Kiviluoto O., Sautavirta S., Klossuer O. et al. Surgical repair of subcutaneous rupture of the achilles tendon // Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg.- 1985.- Vol.104, N 5.- P.327-329.
  446. Klein W., Lang D. M., Saleh M. The use of the Ma-Griffith technique for percutaneous repair of fresh ruptured tendo Achillis. Chir. org. mov., 76: 223-228, 1991.
  447. Kleinman M., Gross A.E. Achilles tendon rupture following steroid injection. Report of three cases // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1983.- Vol.65-A, N 9.- P.1345-1347.
  448. Klenerman L. The early history of tendo Achillis and its rupture. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] vol. 89-B, No. 4, april 2007, p 545-547.
  449. Knörzer E., Folkhard W., Geercken W. et al. New aspects of the etiology of tendon rupture. An analysis of time resolved dynamic-mechanical measurements using synchrotron radiation Arch. Orthop. Trauma Surg.- 1986.- Vol.105, N 2.- P. 113-120.
  450. Knupp M., Hintermann B. (2005). Anatomic repair of the intermediate chronic Achilles tendon rupture. Techniques in Foot & Ankle Surgery, 4(3), 138–142.
  451. Koch S., Tillmann B. Structure of the gastrocnemius tendon. Orthop Traumatol 1995; 4:184–185.
  452. Kolodziej P., Glisson R.R, Nunley J.A. Risk of avulsion of the Achilles tendon after partial excision for treatment of insertional tendonitis and Haglund’s deformity: A biomechanical study. Foot Ankle Int 1999; 20:433–437.
  453. Komarasamy B., Vadivelu R., Boyd K.T., Pandey R., Rennie W. Concomitant talar neck fracture and Achilles tendon rupture. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007 May-Jun;46(3):188-91.
  454. Komi P. V., Fukashiro S., Järvinen M. Biomechanical loading of Achilles tendon during normal locomotion. Clin. Sports Med., 11: 521-531, 1992.
  455. Kouvalchouk J.F., Rodineau J., Watin Augouard L. Les ruptures du tendon d’Achille . Comparaison des re’sultants du traitement ope’ratoire et non ope’ratoire // Rev. Chir. Orthop.- 1984.- Vol.70, N 6.- P.473-478.
  456. Krackow K.A., Thomas S.C., Jones L.C. A new stitch for ligament-tendon fixation. Brief note. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1986 Jun;68(5):764-6.
  457. Krackow K.A., Thomas S.C., Jones L.C. Ligament-tendon fixation: analysis of a new stitch and comparison with standard techniques. Orthopedics. 1988;11:909-17.
  458. Kraus R., Stahl J., Meyer C., et al. Frequency and effects of intratendinous and peritendinous calcifications after open Achilles tendon repair. Foot Ankle Int 2004;25(11):827-32.
  459. Kristensen J. K., Andersen P. T. Rupture of the Achilles tendon: a series and a review of literature. J. Trauma, 12: 794-798, 1972.
  460. Kropfl A., Obrist J. Zur plastischen Versorgung der verzogert operierten subcutanen Achillessehnenruptur // Unfallchirurg.- 1987.- Bd.90, H.8.- S.386-390.
  461. Krueger-Franke, M., Siebert C. H., Scherzer S. Surgical treatment of ruptures of the Achilles tendon: a review of long-term results. British J. Sports Med., 29: 121-125, 1995.
  462. Kujala U. M., Järvinen M., Natri A., Lehto M., Nelimarkk O., Hurme M., Virta L., Finne, J. ABO blood groups and musculoskeletal injuries. Injury, 23: 131-133, 1992.
  463. Kunitz M., Northrop J.H. Isolation from beef pancreas of crystalline tripsinogen, trypsin, a trypsin inhibitor, and an inhibitor trypsin compound. J Gen Physiol 19:991-1007, 1936.
  464. Kuwada G. T. Diagnosis and treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Clin. Podiat. Med. and Surg., 12: 633-652, 1995.
  465. Kuwada G.T. Classification of tendon Achillis rupture with consideration of surgical repair techniques. J Foot Surg. 1990;29:361-5.
  466. Kvist M., Jozsa L., Jarvinen M.J., Kvist H. Chronic Achilles paratenonitis in athletes: a histological and histochemical study. Pathology 1987; 19:1–11.
  467. Labana N., Messer T., Lautenschlager E., Nagda S, Nagle D. A biomechanical analysis of the modified Tsuge suture technique for repair of flexor tendon lacerations. J Hand Surg Br. 2001 Aug;26(4):297-300.
  468. Lagergren C., Lindholm Å. Vascular distribution in the Achilles tendon. An angiographic and microangiographic study. Acta Chir. Scandinavica, 116: 491-496, 1958-1959.
  469. Laine V.A.I., Vaino K.J. Spontaneous ruptures of tendons in rheumatoid arthritis. Acta Orthop Scand 1955;24:250—7.
  470. Lang J. Uber das Verschiebegewebe der Achillessehne. Anat Anz 1960; 108:225–237.
  471. Langberg H., Bulow J., Kjaer M. Blood flow in the peritendinous space of the human Achilles tendon during exercise. Acta Physiol Scand 1998;163:149—53.
  472. Lansdaal J.R., Goslings J.C., Reichart M., et al. The results of 163 Achilles tendon ruptures treated by a minimally invasive surgical technique and functional after treatment. Injury 2007;38(7):839-44.
  473. Lapidus L.J., Rosfors S., Ponzer S., Levander C., Elvin A., Lärfars G., de Bri E. Prolonged thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin after surgical treatment of achilles tendon rupture: a randomized, placebo-controlled study. J Orthop Trauma. 2007 Jan;21(1):52-7.
  474. Lassen M.R., Borris L.C., Nakov R.L. Use of the low molecular weight heparin reviparin to prevent deep-vein thrombosis after leg injury requiring immobilization. N Engl J Med 2002;347(10):726-30.
  475. Lawrence G.H., Cave F., O’Connor H. Injury to the Achilles’ tendon experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital 1900 to 1954. Am J Surg 1955;89:795-802.
  476. Le Blanc A., Gogia P., Schneider V. et al. Calf muscle area and strength changes after five weeks of horizontal bed rest // Am. J. Sports Med.- 1988.- Vol.16, N 6.- P.624-629.
  477. Lea R.B., Smith L. Non-surgical treatment of tendo achillis rupture // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1972.- Vol.54-A, N 7.- P.1398-1407.
  478. Lea R.B., Smith L. Rupture of achillis tendon: nonsurgical treatment // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1968.- Vol.60.- P.115-118.
  479. Leadbetter W. B. Cell-matrix response in tendon injury. Clin. Sports Med., 11: 533-578, 1992.
  480. Lee H. Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part II: Clinical experience. J Hand Surg Am. 1990 Nov;15(6):953-8.
  481. Lee H. Double loop locking suture: a technique of tendon repair for early active mobilization. Part I: Evolution of technique and experimental study. J Hand Surg Am. 1990 Nov;15(6):945-52
  482. Leitner A., Voigt C., Rahmanzadeh R. Treatment of extensive aseptic defects in old Achilles tendon ruptures: methods and case reports. Foot Ankle. 1992;13:176-80.
  483. Leppilahti J. Achilles tendon rupture, with special reference to epidemiology and results of surgery. Thesis, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, 1996.
  484. Leppilahti J., Forsman K., Puranen J., Orava, S.: Outcome and prognostic factors of Achilles rupture repair using a new scoring method. Clin. Orthop., 346: 152-161, 1998.
  485. Leppilahti J., Orava, S.: Total Achilles tendon rupture. A review. Sports Med., 25: 79-100, 1998.
  486. Leppilahti J., Puranen J., Orava S.: Incidence of Achilles tendon rupture. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 67: 277-279, 1996.
  487. Leppilahti J., Siira P., Vanharanta H., Orava S. Isokinetic evaluation of calf muscle performance after Achilles rupture repair. Internat. J. Sports Med., 17: 619-623, 1996.
  488. Lesic A., Bumbasirevic M. Disorders of the Achilles tendon. Curr Orthop 2004;18:63—75.
  489. Leslie H.D., Edwards W.H. Neglected ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Clin. 2005;10:357-70.
  490. Levy M., Velkes S., Goldstein J., Rosner M. A method of repair for Achilles tendon ruptures without cast immobilization. Preliminary report. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984;187:199-204.
  491. Lieberman J.R., Lozman J., Czajka J., et al. Repair of achilles tendon ruptures with Dacron vascular graft // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel.Res.- 1988.- Vol.234.- P.204-208.
  492. Lim J., Dalal R., Waseem M. Percutaneous vs. open repair of the ruptured Achilles tendon — A prospective randomized controlled study. Foot & Ankle International 2001;22(7):559–68.
  493. Lindholdt Т., Munch- Jorgensen T. Conservative treatment of achilles tendon rupture. A follow-up study of 14 cases // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1976.- Vol.47, N 4.- P.454-458.
  494. Lindholm A. A new method of operation in subcutaneous rupture of the achilles tendon // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1959.- Vol.117,-Fasc. 3.- P.261-270.
  495. Lipscomb P.R., Wakim K.G. Further observations of severed tendons: an experimental study // Proc. Mayo Clin.- 1961.- Vol.36, N 11.- P.277-282.
  496. Lipscomb P.R., Wakim K.G. Regeneration of severed tendons: an experimental study // Proc. Mayo Clin.- 1961.- Vol.36, N 11.- P.271-276.
  497. Ljungqvist R. Subcutaneous partial rupture of Achilles tendon // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1967.- Suppl.113.- 86p.
  498. Lo I.K., Kirkley A., Nonweiler B., Kumbhare D.A. Operative versus nonoperative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a quantitative review. Clin J Sport Med. 1997 Jul;7(3):207-11.
  499. Loetzke H.H. Uber die Achillessehne mit ihnen Fascienverhaltnissen beim Menschen und dem Subcutannraum im Bereich der Wadenmuskulatur. Anat Anz 1956; 103:287–304.
  500. Lowes D.A., Wallace C., Murphy M.P., Webster N.R., Galley H.F. The mitochondria targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against fluoroquinolone-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial membrane damage in human Achilles tendon cells. Free Radic Res. 2009 Apr;43(4):323-8. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
  501. Lubin J.W., Miller R.A., Robinson B.J., Blevins F.T. Achilles tendon rupture associated with ankle fracture. Am J Orthop 2000, 29:707-708.
  502. Lui T. H. Endoscopic assisted flexor hallucis tendon transfer in the management of chronic rupture of Achilles tendon. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc SPORTS MEDICINE (2007) 15:1163–1166 DOI 10.1007/s00167-007-0352-6
  503. Lui T.H. Endoscopic-assisted Achilles tendon repair with plantaris tendon augmentation. Arthroscopy. 2007 May;23(5):556.e1-5. Epub 2007 Jan 5.
  504. Lundborg G., Rank F. Experimental studies on cellular mechanisms involved in healing of animal and human flexor tendon in synovial environment // The Hand.- 1980.- Vol.12, N 1.- P.3-11.
  505. Lusardi D.A., Cain J.E. Jr. The effect of fibrin sealant on the strength of tendon repair of full thickness tendon lacerations in the rabbit Achilles tendon. J Foot Ankle Surg 33:443-447, 1994.
  506. Luthje P., Nurmi I., Nyyssonen T. (2005). Missed Achilles tendon rupture due to oral levofloxacin: Surgical treatment results. Archives of Orthopedic Trauma Surgery, 12(2), 124–126.
  507. Lynn T.A. Repair of the torn achilles tendon, using the plantaris tendon as a reinforcing membrane // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1966.- Vol.48-A, N 2.- P.268-272.
  508. Ma G.W.C., Griffith T.G. Percutaneous repair of acute closed ruptured achilles tendon. A new technique // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1977.- Vol.128.- P.247-255.
  509. Maes R., Copin G., Averous C. Is percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon a safe technique? A study of 124 cases. Acta Orthop Belg. 2006 Apr;72(2):179-83.
  510. Maffuli N., Waterston S.W., Squair K., et al. Changing incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Scotland: a 15 years study. Clin Sports Med 1999;9:157—60.
  511. Maffulli N. Clinical tests in sports medicine [letter]. British J. Sports Med., 30: 124, 1996.
  512. Maffulli N. Clinical tests in sports medicine: more on Achilles tendon. British J. Sports Med., 30: 250, 1996.
  513. Maffulli N. Current concepts in the management of subcutaneous tears of the Achilles tendon. Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., 57: 152-158, 1998.
  514. Maffulli N. Current Concepts Review — Rupture of the Achilles Tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1999;81:1019-36.
  515. Maffulli N. Simmonds’ test [letter]. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 66: 574, 1995.
  516. Maffulli N. The clinical diagnosis of subcutaneous tear of the Achilles tendon. A prospective study in 174 patients. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:266-70.
  517. Maffulli N. Ultrasound of the Achilles tendon after surgical repair: morphology and function. British J. Radiol., 68: 1372-1373, 1995.
  518. Maffulli N., Ajis A. Current Concepts Review: Management of Chronic Ruptures of the Achilles Tendon. doi:10.2106/JBJS.G.01241 J Bone Joint Surg Am.2008;90:1348-1360.
  519. Maffulli N., Ajis A., Longo U.G., Denaro V. Chronic rupture of tendo Achillis. Foot Ankle Clin. 2007;12:583-96,vi.
  520. Maffulli N., Almekinders L. C. The Achilles Tendon (Kindle Edition). ISBN-10: 1-84628-628-X eISBN-10: 1-84628-629-8 © Springer-Verlag London Limited 2007, hardcover, p. 284.
  521. Maffulli N., Dymond N. P., Capasso G. Ultrasonographic findings in subcutaneous rupture of Achilles tendon. J. Sports Med. And Phys. Fit., 29: 365-368, 1989.
  522. Maffulli N., Dymond N. P., Regine R. Surgical repair of ruptured Achilles tendon in sportsmen and sedentary patients: a longitudinal ultrasound assessment. Internat. J. Sports Med., 11: 78-84, 1990.
  523. Maffulli N., Irwin A. S., Kenward M. G., Smith F., Porter R. W. Achilles tendon rupture and sciatica: a possible correlation. British J. Sports Med., 32: 174-177, 1998.
  524. Maffulli N., Leadbetter W.B. Free gracilis tendon graft in neglected tears of the achilles tendon. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15:56-61.
  525. Maffulli N., Regine R., Angelillo M., Capasso G., Filice S. Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners. Br J Sports Med. 1987;21:158-62.
  526. Maffulli N., Regine R., Angelillo M., Capasso G., Filice S. Ultrasound diagnosis of Achilles tendon pathology in runners. British J. Sports Med., 21: 158-162, 1987.
  527. Maffulli N., Richards P.J. Subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon and ipsilateral fracture of the medial malleolus. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Jul 27;7:59.
  528. Maffulli N., Tallon C., Wong J., Lim K.P., Bleakney R. Early weightbearing and ankle mobilization after open repair of acute midsubstance tears of the achilles tendon. Am J Sports Med. 2003;31:692-700.
  529. Mahieu N.N., Witvrouw E., Stevens V., Tiggelen D.V., Roget P. (2006). Intrinsic risk factors for the development of Achilles tendon overuse injury: Aprospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(2), 226–235.
  530. Mahler F., Fritschy D. Partial and complete ruptures of the Achilles tendon and local corticosteroid injections. British J. Sports Med., 26: 7-14, 1992.
  531. Mährlein R., Schmelzeisen H., Papathanassopoulos A., Verheyden P. Achillessehnenrupturen und Blutgruppenzugehörigkeit. Akt. Traumat., 25: 13-15, 1995.
  532. Mandelbaum B. R., Myerson M. S., Forster, R.: Achilles tendon ruptures. A new method of repair, early range of motion, and functional rehabilitation. Am. J. Sports Med., 23: 392-395, 1995.
  533. Mandelbaum B., Gruber J., Zachazewski J. Rehabilitation of the Postsurgical Orthopedic Patient: Achilles Tendon Repair and Rehabilitation. Mosby, St. Louis, 2001.
  534. Mann R.A., Holmes G.B., Seale K.S., et al. Chronic rupture of the achilles tendon: a new technique of repair // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1991.- Vol.73-A, N 2.- P.214-219.
  535. Mansfield L., Youngberg R. (2007). Baker cyst. Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/radio/topic72.htm
  536. Manter J.T. Movements of the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints. Anat Rec 1941; 80:397–410.
  537. Marano H. (2006). Achilles tendon rupture. Retrieved May 15, 2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/sports/topic1.htm
  538. Marchand R., Bridgman C.F., Shumpert E., Eldred E. Association of tendon organs with spindles in muscles of the cat’s leg. Anat Rec 1971; 169:23–32.
  539. Marino A. J. Fracture of ossified Achilles tendon: report of operative repair. The Foot (1999) 9, 193–194
  540. Martin J.W., Thompson G.H. Achilles tendon rupture; occurrence with closed ankle fracture. Clin Orthop 1986, 210:216-218.
  541. Martinelli B. Rupture of the Achilles tendon. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 2000;82(12):1804.
  542. Mason M.L. Primary and secondary tendon suture. Surg Gynecol Obstet 70:392, 1940
  543. Mason M.L. Significance of function in tendon repair. Arch Phys Ther 22: 28, 1941
  544. Mason M.L., Allen H.S. The rate of healing of tendons. An experimental study of tensile strength // Ann. Surg.- 1941.- Vol.113, N3.- P.424-459.
  545. Matles A. L. Rupture of the tendo achilles: another diagnostic sign. Bull. Hosp. Joint Dis., 36: 48-51, 1975.
  546. Matras H., Dinges H.P., Lassmann H., Mamoli B. Zur nahtlosen interfaszikulдren Nerventransplantation im Tierexperiment. Wien Med Wochenschr 122:517-523, 1972.
  547. Matthew C., Moore M. J., Campbell L. A quantitative ultrastructural study of collagen fibril formation in the healing extensor digitorum longus tendon of the rat. J. Hand Surg., 12-B: 313-320, 1987.
  548. Matthews P., Richards H. Factors in the adherence of flexor tendon after repair. An experimental study in the rabbit // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1976.- Vol. 58-B, N 2.- P.230-236.
  549. Mayer L. The physiological method of tendon transplantation. Surg., Gynec. and Obstet., 22: 182-197, 1916.
  550. Mazzone M.F., McCue T. (2002).Common conditions of the Achilles tendon. American Family Physician, 65(9), 1805–1810.
  551. McClell D., Maffulli N. Neglected rupture of the Achilles tendon: reconstruction with peroneus brevis tendon transfer. Surgeon. 2004;2:209-13.
  552. McComis G. P., Nawoczenski D. A., DeHaven K. E. Functional bracing for rupture of the Achilles tendon. Clinical results and analysis of ground-reaction forces and temporal data. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 79-A: 1799-1808, Dec. 1997.
  553. McGaw W.T. The effects of tension on collagen remodelling by fibroblasts: a stereological ultrastructural study Connect. Tissue Res.- 1986.- Vol.14, N 3.- P. 229-235.
  554. McKeon B.P., Heming J.F., Fulkerson J., Langeland R. The Krackow stitch: a biomechanical evaluation of changing the number of loops versus the number of sutures. Arthroscopy. The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery.2006 Jan;22(1):33-7.
  555. McLaughlin H.L. Repair of major tendon ruptures by buried removable suture // Am. J. Surg.- 1947.- Vol.74, N 5.- P.758-764.
  556. McMaster P.E. Tendon and muscle ruptures: clinical and experimental studies on the causes and location of subcutaneous ruptures // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1933.- Vol.15.- P. 705-722.
  557. McNeilly C.M., Banes A.J., Benjamin M., Ralphs J.R. Tendon cells in vivo form a three dimensional network of cell processes linked by gap junctions. J Anat 1996; 189:593–600.
  558. McWhorter J. W., Francis R. S., Heckmann, R. A.: Influence of local steroid injections on traumatized tendon properties. A biomechanical and histological study. Am. J. Sports Med., 19: 435-439, 1991.
  559. Mellado J., Rosenberg Z.S., Beltran J. Low incorporation of soleus tendon: A potential diagnostic pitfall on MR imaging. Skeletal Radiol 1998; 27:222–224.
  560. Melmed E.P. Spontaneous bilateral rupture of the calcaneal tendon during steroid therapy // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1965.- Vol.47-B, N1.- P.104-105.
  561. Mendes D.G., lusim M., Angel D. et al. Histologic pattern of biomechanic properties of the carbon fiber-augmented ligament tendon // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1985.- Vol. 196.- P.51-60.
  562. Metz R., Verleisdonk E.J., van der Heijden G.J., Clevers G.J., Hammacher E.R., Verhofstad M.H., van der Werken C. Acute Achilles tendon rupture: minimally invasive surgery versus nonoperative treatment with immediate full weightbearing—a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2008 Sep;36(9):1688-94. Epub 2008 Jul 21.
  563. Meyer G.S., Denham C.R., Angood P.B., et al. Safe practices for better healthcare-2009 update: a consensus report. Washington, DC: National Quality Forum (NQF) 2009.
  564. Meyers J. F., Grana W. A., Lesker P. Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament in the dog. Comparison of results obtained with three different porous synthetic materials. Am. J. Sports Med., 7: 85-90, 1979.
  565. Michels F., Guillo S., King A., Jambou S., de Lavigne C. Endoscopic calcaneoplasty combined with Achilles tendon repair. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2008 Nov;16(11):1043-6. Epub 2008 Aug 19.
  566. Milford L. Tendon Ijuries / L.Milford // Campbell´s Operative Orthopedics; Ed. A.H. Crenshaw. – St.Luis: Mosby Company, 1987. – P.149 – 182.
  567. Milz S., Rufai A., Buettner A., Putz R., Ralphs J.R., Benjamin M. Three dimensional reconstructions of the Achilles tendon enthesis in Man. J Anat 2002; 200:145–152.
  568. Miskulin M., Miskulin A., Klobucar H., Kuvalja S. Neglected rupture of the Achilles tendon treated with peroneus brevis transfer: a functional assessment of 5 cases. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2005;44:49-56.
  569. Mohammed A., Rahamatalla A., Wynne-Jones C. Tissue expansion in late repair of tendo Achillis rupture. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 1995; 77-B: 64-66.
  570. Moller M., Movin T., Granhed H., Lind K., Faxen E., Karlsson J. Acute rupture of tendon Achillis. A prospective randomized study of comparison between surgical and non-surgical treatment. Journal of Bone &Joint Surgery. British Voume 2001;83(6):843–8.
  571. Moller M., Movin T., Lind K., Faxen E., Karlsson J. Surgical versus non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture: a prospective, randomised study. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 68th Annual Meeting. 2001 Feb 27-Mar 4; San Francisco (CA) Available at: http://www.aaos.org/wordhtml/anmt2001/sciprog/101.htm (accessed 09/04/01).
  572. Molloy A., Wood E.V. Complications of the treatment of achilles tendon ruptures. Foot Ankle Clin. 2009 Dec;14(4):745-59.
  573. Monro A. The Works of Alexander Monro MD. Charles Elliott and George Robinson. London 1781:661.
  574. Moores A.P., Comerford E.J., Tarlton J.F., Owen M.R. Biomechanical and clinical evaluation of a modified 3-loop pulley suture pattern for reattachment of canine tendons to bone. Vet Surg. 2004 Jul-Aug;33(4):391-7.
  575. Moores A.P., Owen M.R., Tarlton J.F. The three-loop pulley suture versus two locking-loop sutures for the repair of canine achilles tendons. Vet Surg. 2004 Mar-Apr;33(2):131-7.
  576. Morein G., Goldschmidt Z., Pauker M. et al. Spontaneous tendon ruptures in patients by hemodialysis // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1976.- Vol.124.- P.209-213.
  577. Mortensen N. H., Saether J. Achilles tendon repair: a new method of Achilles tendon repair tested on cadaverous materials. J Trauma 1991; 31 (3): 381-4.
  578. Mortensen N.H., Saether J., Steinke M.S., Staehr H., Mikkelsen S.S. Separation of tendon ends after Achilles tendon repair: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study. Orthopedics1992;15(8):899–903.
  579. Mortensen N.H., Skov O., Jensen P.E. Early motion of the ankle after operative treatment of a rupture of the Achilles tendon. A prospective, randomized clinical and radiographic study. Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. American Volume 1999;81(7):983–90.
  580. Mortensen N.H., Sorensen L., Pless S. Below-knee versus above knee cast after Achilles tendon repair — a prospective controlled trial [abstract]. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica. Supplementum 1996;67(267):38.
  581. Moses S. (2007). Gastrocnemius tear. Family Practice Notebook. Retreived August 3, 2007, from http://www.fpnotebook.com/ORT16.htm
  582. Motta P., Errichiello C., Pontini I. Achilles tendon rupture. A new technique for easy surgical repair and immediate movement of the ankle and foot. Am. J. Sports Med., 25: 172-176, 1997.
  583. Movin T., Ryberg A., McBride D.J., Maffulli N. (2005). Acute rupture of the Achilles tendon foot. Ankle Clinics, 10(2), 331–356.
  584. Mulier T., Dereymaeker G., Reynders P., Broos P. The management of chronic achilles tendon ruptures: gastrocnemius turn down flap with or without flexor hallucis longus transfer. Foot Ankle Surg. 2003;9:151-6.
  585. Murrell G. A. C., Lilly E. G., Davies H., Best T. M., Goldner R. D., Seaber A. V. The Achilles functional index. J. Orthop. Res., 10: 398-404, 1992.
  586. Myers T.W. Anatomy Trains. Myofascial Meridians for Manual and Movement Therapists. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2001.
  587. Myerson M.S. Achilles tendon ruptures. Instr Course Lect. 1999;48:219-30.
  588. Myerson M.S., McGarvey W. Disorders of the Achilles tendon insertion and Achilles tendonitis. Instr Course Lect 1998; 48:211–218.
  589. Nada A. Rupture of the calcaneal tendon. Treatment by external fixation // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1985.- Vol. 67-B, N 3.- P.449-453.
  590. Naito M., Ogata K. The blood supply of the tendon with a paratenon: an experimental study using hydrogen washout technique. Hand 1983;15:9—14.
  591. Nakagava Y., Totsuka M., Sato T. et al. Effect of disuse on the ultrastructure of the achilles tendon in rats // Eur. J Appl. Physiol.- 1989.- Vol. 59, N 3.- P.239-242.
  592. National Strength and Conditioning Association; Baechle TR, Earle RW, editors. Essentials of strength training and conditioning. 2nd ed. Champaign, IL:Human Kinetics; 2000.
  593. Nellas Z.J., Loder B.G., Wertheimer S.J. Reconstruction of an Achilles tendon defect utilizing an Achilles tendon allograft. J Foot Ankle Surg. 1996;35:144-8,190.
  594. Nestorson J., Movin T, Moller M., Karlsson J. Function after Achilles tendon rupture in the elderly: 25 patients older than 65 years followed for 3 years. Acta Orthop Scand. 2000;71:64-8.
  595. Newnham D. M., Douglas J. G., Legge J. S., Friend, J. A.: Achilles tendon rupture: an underrated complication of corticosteriod treatment. Thorax, 46: 853-854, 1991.
  596. Nicholas J.A., Hershman E.B. The Lower Extremity and Spine in Sports Medicine, 2nd ed. Mosby, St. Louis, 1995.
  597. Niculescu V., Matusz P. The clinical importance of the calcaneal tendon vasculature (tendo calcaneus). Morphol Embryol (Bucur) 1988;34:5—8.
  598. Nillius S.A., Nilsson B.E., Westlin N.E. The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture. Acta Orthop Scand 1976;47:118-21.
  599. Nilsson-Helander K., Sward L., Gravare K. A new surgical method to treat chronic ruptures and reruptures of the Achilles tendon Silbernagel Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc (2008)16:614–620
  600. Nistor L. Conservative treatment of fresh subcutaneous rupture of the achilles tendon // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1976.- Vol.47, N 4.- P.459-462.
  601. Nistor L. Surgical and non-surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture: a prospective randomized study // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1981.- Vol.63-A, N 3.- P.394-399.
  602. Noyes F.R., Grood E.S. The strength of the anterior cruciate ligament in humans and Rhesus monkeys. Age-related and species-related changes // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1976.- Vol.58-A, N 8.- P.1074-1082.
  603. Nystrom В., Holmlund D. Experimental evaluation of immobilization in operative and non-operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. A radiographic study in the rabbit // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1983.- Vol.149, N 7.- P.669-673.
  604. Nystrom В., Holmlund D. Separation of tendon ends after suture of achilles tendon // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1983.- Vol.54, N4.- P.620-621.
  605. Nyyssönen T., Saarikoski H., Kaukonen J.P., Lüthje P., Hakovirta H. Simple end-to-end suture versus augmented repair in acute Achilles tendon ruptures: a retrospective comparison in 98 patients. Acta Orthop Scand. 2003 Apr;74(2):206-8.
  606. O’Brien M. Functional anatomy and physiology of tendons. Clin. Sports Med., 11: 505-520, 1992.
  607. O’Brien T. The needle test for complete rupture of the Achilles tendon. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 66-A: 1099-1101, Sept. 1984.
  608. Okuda Y., Gorski J.P., An K.N., Amadio P.C. Biochemical, histological, and biomechanical analyses of canine tendon. J Orthop Res 1987;5(1):60–8.
  609. Orishimo K.F., Burstein G., Mullaney M.J., Kremenic I.J., Nesse M., McHugh M.P., Lee S.J. Effect of knee flexion angle on Achilles tendon force and ankle joint plantarflexion moment during passive dorsiflexion. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2008 Jan-Feb;47(1):34-9.
  610. Ozaki, J., Fujiki J., Sugimoto K., Tamai S., Mashuhara, K.: Reconstruction of neglected Achilles tendon rupture with Marlex mesh. Clin. Orthop., 238: 204-208, 1989.
  611. Ozgurtas T., Yildiz C., Serdar M., Atesalp S., Kutluay T. Is high concentration of serum lipids a risk factor for Achilles tendon rupture? Clin Chim Acta. 2003 May;331(1-2):25-8.
  612. Paar O., Bernett P. Therapie der Achillessehnen-ruptur beim Sportier Vorteile der Fibrinklebung // Fortschr. Med.- 1984.- Bd.102, H.43.- S.1106-1108.
  613. Paes E., Weyand F., Tuncay N. Versorgung der Achillesehnenruptur. Vergleichsstudie Zwischen Adaptationsnaht und Plantaris-sehnendurchflechtung // Unfallchirurg.- 1985.- Bd.88, H.7.- S.303-307.
  614. Pajala A., Kangas J., Ohtonen R., et al. Rerupture and deep infection following treatment of total Achilles tendon rupture. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2002;84( 11 ):2016-21.
  615. Pajala A., Kangas J., Siira P., Ohtonen P., Leppilahti J. Augmented compared with nonaugmented surgical repair of a fresh total Achilles tendon rupture. A prospective randomized study. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2009 May;91(5):1092-100.
  616. Palmer D.M. Assessment and Management of Patients With Achilles Tendon Rupture. Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal. 2007 Vol.29,No.3,pp.249–259.
  617. Pare A. The Works of that famous Chirurgion Ambrose Parey. Translated out of Latin and compared with the French by T. H. Johnson. London: printed by Richard Cotes, 1649:36.
  618. Parker R.G., Repinecz M. Neglected rupture of the achilles tendon. Treatment by modified Strayer gastrocnemius recession. J Am Podiatry Assoc. 1979;69:548-55.
  619. Parsons J. R., Rosario A., Weiss A. B., Alexander H. Achilles tendon repair with an absorbable polymer-carbon fibre composite. Foot and Ankle, 5: 49-53, 1984.
  620. Parsons J.R., Weiss А.В., Schenk R.S. et al. Long-term follow-up of achilles tendon repair with an absorbable polymer carbon fiber composite // Foot Ankle .- 1989.- Vol.9, N 4.- P.179- 184.
  621. Parton M. J., Walter D. F., Ritchie D. A., Luke L. C. Case Report: Fracture of an Ossified Achilles Tendon — MR Appearances. Clinical Radiology (1998) 53, 538-540.
  622. Peacock E.E. Jr Biological principles in the healing of long tendons // Surg. Clin. N. Am.- 1965.- Vol.45, N 2.- P.461-476.
  623. Peacock E.E. Jr. 1959. A study of the circulation in normal tendons and healing grafts. Ann Surg 149:415–428.
  624. Persson A., Wredmark T. The treatment of total ruptures of the achilles tendon by plaster immobilisation // Int. Orthop.(SICOT).- 1979.- Vol.3, N 2.- P.149-152.
  625. Perugia L., Riccardi Pollini P.Т., Ippolito E. Ultrastructural aspects of degenerative tendinopathy // Int. Orthop.(SICOT) .- 1978.- Vol.1, N 4.- P.303-307.
  626. Petersen O.F., Nielsen M.B., Jensen K.H., Solgaard S. CAM walker versus cast in conservative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture [Randomiseret sammenligning af genanvendelig stovle og letvaegtsgips til behandling af forstegangs akillesseneruptur]. Ugeskrift for Laeger 2002;164(33):3852–5.
  627. Petit J.L. Trait des Maladies des Os Paris. Third ed. Vol. 2. Cavalier 1736:289-353.
  628. Petschnig R., Baron R., Albrecht M. The Relationship Between Isokinetic Quadriceps Strength Tests and Hop Tests for Distance and One-LeggedVertical Jump Test Following ACL Reconstruction. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1998;28(1):23-31.
  629. Picard F., Bouillet R. Rupture of the Achilles tendon. Suture with a skin lace. Clinical study and results. Acta Orthop Belg. 1971 Aug;37(4):321-40. French.
  630. Pichler W., Tesch N.P., Grechenig W., Leithgoeb O., Windisch G. Anatomic variations of the musculotendinous junction of the soleus muscle and its clinical implications. Clin Anat. 2007 May;20(4):444-7.
  631. Pieper H.G., Radas C.B., Quack G., Krahl H. Mediomalleolar fracture combined with Achilles tendon rupture: a rare simultaneous injury of the ankle. Int J Sports Med 1998:68-70.
  632. Pintore E., Barra V., Pintore R., Maffulli N. Peroneus brevis tendon transfer in neglected tears of the Achilles tendon. J Trauma. 2001;50:71-8.
  633. Platt H. Observation of some tendon repairs. Br Med J. 1931;1:611-15.
  634. Pneumaticos S.G., Phd P.C.N., McGarvey W.C., Mody D.R., Trevino S.G. The effects of early mobilization in the healing of Achilles tendon repair. Foot Ankle Int 21:551-557, 2000.
  635. Popovic N., Lemaire R. Diagnosis and treatment of acute ruptures of the Achilles tendon. Current concepts review. Acta Orthop Belg. 1999;65:458-71.
  636. Postacchini F., Accinni L., Natali P.G., Ippolito E., DeMartino C. Regeneration of rabbit calcaneal tendon: a morphological and immunochemical study. Cell Tissue Res. 1978;195:81-97.
  637. Postacchini F., Ippolito E., Puddu G., De Martino C. Intracellular collagen fibres in regenerating tendon. Ricerca Clin. Lab., 11:343-347, 1981.
  638. Postacchini F., Puddu G. Subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon. Internat. Surg., 61: 14-18, 1976.
  639. Potasman I., Bassan H.M. Multiple tendon rupture in systemic lupus erythematosus: case report and review of the literature // Ann. Rheum. Dis.- 1984.- Vol.43, N 2.- P.347-349.
  640. Potenza A.D. Critical evaluation of flexor-tendon healing and adhesion formation within artificial digital sheaths // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1963.- Vol.45-A, N 6.- P.1217-1233.
  641. Potenza A.D. Tendon healing within the flexor digital sheath in the dog // J. Bone Joint Surg.- 1962.- Vol.44-A, N 1.- P.49-64.
  642. Potenza A.D., Herte M.C. The synovial cavity as a «tissue culture in situ»- science or nonsense? // J. Hand Surg.- 1982.- Vol.7, N 2.- P. 196-199.
  643. Poynton A.R., O’Rourke K. An analysis of skin perfusion over the Achilles tendon in varying degrees of plantarflexion. Foot Ankle Int 2001;22(7):572-4.
  644. Prakash V., Boston D.A., Packer G.J., Raza S.A. Rupture of a black tendon: ochronotic tendo–Achilles rupture. The Foot 13 (2003) 49–50.
  645. Price A.E., Evanski P.M., Waugh T.R. Bilateral simultaneous achilles tendon ruptures. A case report and review of the literature // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel.Res.- 1986.- Vol.213.- P.249- 250.
  646. Price R.I., Ecker M.L. Z-plasty skin closure after lengthening the Achilles tendon. Case report. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1973 Sep;52(3):309-11.
  647. Puddu G., Ippolito E., Postacchini F. A classification of Achilles tendon disease. Am. J. Sports Med., 4: 145-150, 1976.
  648. Pulvertaft R.G. Repair of tendon injuries in the hand. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1948 Jul;3(1):3-14.
  649. Qin L., Appell H.-J., Chan K. M., Maffulli N. Electrical stimulation prevents immobilization atrophy in skeletal muscle of rabbits. Arch. Phys. and Med. Rehab., 78: 512-517, 1997.
  650. Quenu J., Stoianovitch S.M. Les ruptures du tendon d’Achille // Rev. Chir. Paris.- 1929.- Vol.67.- P.647-678.
  651. Quigley B.M., Chaffin D.B. A computerized biomechanical model applied to analysis of skiing. Med Sci Sports 1971; 3:89–96.
  652. Quigley T. B., Scheller A. D. Surgical repair of the ruptured Achilles tendon. Analysis of 40 patients treated by the same surgeon. Am. J. Sports Med., 8: 244-250, 1980.
  653. Raisbeck C.C. Rupture of the Achilles tendon. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume 2000;82(12):1804–5.
  654. Ramsey D., Leeper K. (2004). DVT and pulmonary embolism: Part II: Treatment and Prevention. American Family Physician, 69(12). Retrieved August 3, 2007, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/20040615/2841.html
  655. Rang M. The story of orthopaedics. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 2000:392.
  656. Rantanen J., Hurme T., Paananen, M.: Immobilization in neutral versus equinus position after Achilles tendon repair. A review of 32 patients. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 64: 333-335, 1993.
  657. Reale E., Benazzo F., Ruggeri, A. Differences in the microfibrillar arrangement of collagen fibrils. Distribution and possible significance. J. Submicrosc. Cytol., 13: 135-143, 1981.
  658. Reaper J. A. Epidemiology and basic sciences of Achilles tendon ailments. B.Med.Sc. dissertation, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1998.
  659. Reaper J. A., Waterston S. W., Ahya R., Maffulli N. ABO blood groups and Achilles tendon rupture in the Grampian region, Scotland. Unpublished data.
  660. Redaelli C., Niederhäuser U., Carrel T., Meier U., Trentz O. Achillessehnenruptur—Fibrinklebung oder Naht? Chirurg 63:572-576, 1992.
  661. Reed J., Hiemstra L.A. Anterior compartment syndrome following an Achilles tendon repair: an unusual complication. Clin J Sport Med 2004;14(4):237-41.
  662. Reinherz R.P., Granoff S.R., Westerfield M. Pathological afflictions of the Achilles tendon. J Foot Surg 1991;30:117—21.
  663. Rhiaz J. K., Khan R. H., Fick D. (2005). Treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 87A(10), 2202–2210.
  664. Robertson G.A., al-Qattan M.M. A biomechanical analysis of a new interlock suture technique for flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg Br. 1992 Feb;17(1):92-3
  665. Robins S. P. Functional properties of collagen and elastin. Ballières Clin. Rheumatol., 2: 1-36, 1988.
  666. Rohrich R., Zbar R. A simplified algorithm for the use of Z-plasty. Plast Reconstr Surg 1999; 103: 1513-1517.
  667. Ross M. H., Romrell, L. J. Connective tissue. In Histology: A Text and Atlas. Ed. 2, pp. 85-116. Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins, 1989.
  668. Rowley D.I., Scotland T.R. Rupture of the achilles tendon treated by a simple operative procedure // Injury.- 1982.- Vol. 14, N3.- P.252-254.
  669. Royal College of Surgeons of England. Venous thromboembolism: reducing the risk in surgical patients. London: National Collaborating Centre for Acute Care; 2007.
  670. Royer R. J., Pierfitte C., Netter P. Features of tendon disorders with fluoroquinolones. Therapie, 49: 75-76, 1994.
  671. Rufai A., Ralphs J. R., Benjamin M. Structure and histopathology of the insertional region of the human Achilles tendon. J. Orthop. Res., 13: 585-593, 1995.
  672. Rufai A., Ralphs J. R., Benjamin M. Ultrastructure of the fibrocartilages at the insertion of the rat Achilles tendon. J. Anat., 189:185-191, 1996.
  673. Rumian A. P., Molloy S., Solan M., Newman K. J., Elliott D. Surgical repair of the Achilles tendon: the lateral approach.The Foot (2001) 11, 136-139.
  674. Rush J.H. Operative repair of neglected rupture of the tendo Achillis. Aust N Z J Surg. 1980;50:420-2.
  675. Sadro C., Delinka M. Magnetic resonance imaging of the tendons of the ankle and foot. Uni Pennsylvania Orthop J 2000; 13:1–9.
  676. Saglimbeni A. J., Fulmer C. J., O’Connor R. C. (2007). Achilles tendon injuries and tendonitis. Retrieved May 16, 2007, from http://www.emedicine.com/pmr/topic219.htm
  677. Saleh M., Marshall P. D., Senior R., MacFarlane A. The Sheffield splint for controlled early mobilisation after rupture of the calcaneal tendon. A prospective, randomised comparison with plaster treatment. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 74-B(2): 206-209, 1992.
  678. Sandow M.J. A further tendon retrieval trick. J Hand Surg Br. 1997 Feb;22(1):125-7.
  679. Saunders D.E., Hochberg J., Wittenborn W. Treatment of total loss of the achilles tendon by skin flap cover without tendon repair // Plast. Reconstr. Surg.- 1978.- Vol.62, N 5.- P.708-712.
  680. Savage R. In vitro studies of a new method of flexor tendon repair. J Hand Surg Br. 1985 Jun;10(2):135-41.
  681. Savolainen J., Myllyla V., Myllyla R. et al. Effects of degeneration and immobilization on collagen synthesis in rat skeletal muscle and tendon // Am. J. Physiol.- 1988.- Vol.254, N 6, Pt 2.- P.R897-R902.
  682. Savolainen J., Vaananen K., Puranen J. et al. Collagen synthesis and proteolytic activities in rat skeletal muscles: effect of cast-immobilization in the lengthened and shortened positions // Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil.- 1988.- Vol.69, N 11.- P.964-969.
  683. Saw Y., Baltzopoulos V., Lim A., Rostron P. K., Bolton-Magg B. G., Calver R. F.: Early mobilization after operative repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Injury, 24: 479-484, 1993.
  684. Schatzker J., Branemark P. Intravital observations on the microvascular anatomy and microcirculation of the tendon // Acta Orthop. Scand.- 1969.- Suppl.126.
  685. Scheller A.D., Kasser J.R., Quigley T.B. Tendon injuries about the ankle // Orthop. Clin. North. Am.- 1980.- Vol.11, N 4.- P.801-811.
  686. Schepsis A.A., Jones H., Haas A.L. Achilles Tendon Disorders in Athletes. Am J Sports Med 2002,30(2):287-305.
  687. Schlag G., Redl H. Fibrin sealant in orthopedic surgery. Clin Orthop 227:269-285, 1988.
  688. Schmidt-Rohlfing В., Graf J., Schneider U. et al. The blood supply of the achilles tendon // Int. Orthop.(SICOT).- 1992.- Vol.16, N 1.- P.29-31.
  689. Schneider H. Zur Struktur der Sehnenansatzzonen. Z Anat 1956; 119:431–456.
  690. Schnorrenberg G. Uber die Gefassversorgung der Achillessehne. Morph Jb 1962; 103:428–456.
  691. Schram A.J., Landry J.R., Pupp G.R. Complete rupture of the achilles tendon: a new modification for primary surgical repair // J. Foot Surg.- 1988.- Vol.27, N 5.- P.453-457.
  692. Schroeder D., Lehmann M., Steinbrueck K. Treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures: open vs. percutaneous repair vs. conservative treatment. A prospective randomized study. Orthopaedic Transactions 1997;21(4):1228.
  693. Scott B. W., Chalabi A. A. How the Simmonds-Thompson test works. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 74-B(2): 314-315, 1992.
  694. Scott W.N., Inglis A.E., Sculco T.P. Surgical treatment of reruptures of the tendo achilles following non surgical treatment // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1979.- Vol.140.- P.175-177.
  695. Sebastian H., Datta B., Maffulli N., Neil M., Walsh W.R. Mechanical properties of reconstructed achilles tendon with transfer of peroneus brevis or flexor hallucis longus tendon. J Foot Ankle Surg. 2007 Nov-Dec;46(6):424-8.
  696. Seeburger R.H. The surgery of tendon // J. Foot Surg.- 1980.- Vol.19, N 2.- P.193-198.
  697. Sejberg D., Hansen L. B., Dalsgaard S. Achilles tendon ruptures operated on under local anaesthesia. Retrospective study of 81 nonhospitalized patients. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 61: 549-550, 1990.
  698. September A.V., Schwellnus M.P., Collins M. (2007). Tendon and ligament injuries: The genetic component. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(4),241–246.
  699. Shaieb M. D., Singer D. I. Tensile Strengths of Various Suture Techniques. Journal of Hand Surgery (British and European Volume), Vol. 22, No. 6, 764-767 (1997)
  700. Shampo M. A. Kyle, R. A. Medical mythology: Achilles. Mayo Clin. Proc., 67: 651, 1992.
  701. Sharma S.V. A modified method of Achilles tendon lengthening. Int Surg. 1978 Jan;63(1):35-6.
  702. Shea K.G., Showalter L. Ilizarov method of repair of achilles tendon rupture in a patient with congenital insensitivity to pain. A case report. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Sep;85-A(9):1816-8.
  703. Shields C.L. Jr., Kerlan R.K., Jobe F.W. et al. The Cybex II evaluation of surgically repaired achilles tendon ruptures // Am.J. Sports Med. — 1978.- Vol.6, N 6.- P.369-372.
  704. Shrier I., Matheson G. O., Kohl H. W., III: Achilles tendonitis: are corticosteroid injections useful or harmful? Clin. J. Sport Med.,6: 245-250, 1996.
  705. Silfverskiöld N. Uber die subkutane totale Achillessehnenruptur und deren Behandlung. Acta Chir Scand. 1941;84:393-413.
  706. Silva M.J., Hollstien S.B., Brodt M.D., Boyer M.I., Tetro A.M., Gelberman R.H. Flexor digitorum profundus tendon-to-bone repair: an ex vivo biomechanical analysis of 3 pullout suture techniques. J Hand Surg Am. 1998 Jan;23(1):120-6.
  707. Silver R.L., de la Garza J., Rang M. The myth of muscle balance. A study of relative strengths and excursions of normal muscles about the foot and ankle. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1985;67:432-7.
  708. Silvestri E., Biggi E., Molfetta L. et al. Power Doppler analysis of tendon vascularisation. Int J Tissue React 2003;25: 149—58.
  709. Simmonds F. A. The diagnosis of the ruptured Achilles tendon. Practitioner, 179: 56-58, 1957.
  710. Simon S.R., Mann R.A., Hagy J.L., Larsen U. The role of the posterior calf muscles in normal gait. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 1978;60-A: 465-72.
  711. Sjostrom M., Wahlby L., Fugll-Meyer A. Achilles tendon injury. 3. Structure of rabbit soleus muscles after immobilization at different positions // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1979.- Vol.145, N 8.- P. 509-521.
  712. Skeoch D.U. Spontaneous partial subcutaneous ruptures of the tendo achillis. Review of the literature and evaluation of 16 involved tendons. Am J Sports Med. 1981 Jan-Feb;9(1):20-2.
  713. Snow S.W., Bohne W.H., DiCarlo E., Chang V.K. Anatomy of the Achilles tendon and plantar fascia in relation to the calcaneus in various age groups. Foot Ankle Int 1995; 16:418–421.
  714. Soldatis, J. J., Goodfellow D. B., Wilber J. H. End-to-end operative repair of Achilles tendon rupture. Am. J. Sports Med., 25:90-95, 1997.
  715. Solveborn S. A., Moberg, A. Immediate free ankle motion after surgical repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Am. J. Sports Med., 22: 607-610, 1994.
  716. Soma C. A., Mandelbaum B. R. Repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Orthop. Clin. North America, 26: 239-247, 1995.
  717. Sorrenti S.J. Achilles tendon rupture: effect of early mobilization in rehabilitation after surgical repair. Foot Ankle Int 2006;27(6):407-10.
  718. Spector S.A., Simard C.P., Fournier M. et al. Architectural alterations of rat hind-limb skeletal muscles immobilized at different lengths // Exp. Neurol.- 1982.- Vol.76, N 1.- P.96-110.
  719. Squier C. A., Magnes C. Spatial relationships between fibroblasts during the growth of rat-tail tendon. Cell and Tissue Res., 234:17-29, 1983.
  720. Steele G. J., Harter R. A., Ting A. J. Comparison of functional ability following percutaneous and open surgical repairs of acutely ruptured Achilles tendons. J. Sport Rehab., 2: 115-127, 1993.
  721. Stein S. R., Luekens C. A. Methods and rationale for closed treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures. Am. J. Sports Med., 4: 162-169, 1976.
  722. Stein S.R., Luekens C.A. Jr. Closed treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures // Orthop. Clin. North. Am.- 1976.- Vol.7, N 1.- P.241- 246.
  723. Stein V., Laprell H., Tinnemeyer S., Peterson W. Quantitative assessment of intravascular volume of the human Achilles tendon. Acta Orthop Scand 2000;71:60—3.
  724. Stilwell D.L. Jr. The innervation of tendons and aponeuroses. Am J Anat 1957; 100:289–317.
  725. Strayer L. M. Jr. Recession of the gastrocnemius: an operation to relieve spastic contracture of the calf muscles. 1950;32:671-676. J Bone Joint Surg Am.
  726. Streli R. Achillessehnennaht mit der Plantaris-longus-Sehne. Wienmed Wochenschr 110:536-537, 1960.
  727. Strickland J.W. Management of acute flexor tendon injuries. Orthop Clin North Am. 1983 Oct;14(4):827-49.
  728. Strocchi R., De Pasquale V., Guizzardi S., Govoni P., Facchini A., Raspanti M., Girolami M., Giannini S. Human Achilles tendon: morphological and morphometric variations as a function of age. Foot and Ankle, 12: 100-104, 1991.
  729. Suchak A.A., Bostick G.P., Beaupré L.A., Durand D.C., Jomha N.M. The influence of early weight-bearing compared with non-weight-bearing after surgical repair of the Achilles tendon. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2008 Sep;90(9):1876-83.
  730. Suchak A.A., Spooner C., Reid D.C., Jomha N.M. Postoperative rehabilitation protocols for Achilles tendon ruptures: a meta-analysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2006 Apr;445:216-21.
  731. Sutherland A., Maffulli, N. Open repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Orthop. and Traumat., 10: 50-58, 1998.
  732. Syynder M., Zwierrchowski H. Post-operative results in fresh injures the achilles tendon // Beitr. Orthop. Traumatol.- 1988.- Vol.35, N 10.- P. 503-508.
  733. Szarfman A., Chen M., Blum M. D. More on fluoroquinolone antibiotics and tendon rupture [letter]. New England J. Med., 332:193, 1995.
  734. Tajima T. History, current status, and aspects of hand surgery in Japan. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Apr;(184):41-9.
  735. Tang K., Thermann H., Dai G., Chen G., Guo L., Yang L. (2007) Arthroscopically assisted percutaneous repair of fresh closed Achilles tendon rupture by Kessler’s suture. Am J Sports Med 35(4):589–596.
  736. Taylor G.I., Corlett R.J., Caddy C.M., Zelt R.G. 1992. An anatomic review of the delay phenomenon. II. Clinical applications. Plast Reconstr Surg 89:408–416.
  737. Taylor G.I., Palmer J.H. The vascular territories (angiosomes) of the body: experimental study and clinical applications. Br J Plast Surg. 1987;40:113-41.
  738. Taylor G.I., Pan W.R. 1998. Angiosomes of the leg: Anatomic study and clinical implications. Plast Reconstr Surg 102:599–616.
  739. Teitz C. C.; Garrett W. E., Jr.; Miniaci A., Lee M.-H., Mann R. A.: Tendon problems in athletic individuals. In Instructional Course Lectures, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Vol. 46, pp. 569-582. Rosemont, Illinois, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1997.
  740. Templeton G.H., Sweeney H.L., Timson B.F. et al. Changes in fiber composition of soleus muscle during rat hindlimb suspension // J. Appl. Physiol.- 1988.- Vol.65, N 3.- P. 1191-1195.
  741. Tenolig: implant for percutaneous tenosynthesis of the achilles tendon http://www.fhorthopedics.com/publicmedia/original/118/39/en/200901_bepod_tenolig_us.pdf
  742. Termansen N.B., Damholt V. Plantarfleksionskraft efter Achillesseneruptur // Ugerskrift. Laeg.- 1979.- Bd.141, H.27.- S.1846-1848.
  743. Testroote M., Stigter W., de Visser D.C., et al. Low molecular weight heparin for prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with lower-leg immobilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008;(4):CD006681.
  744. Teuffer P., A. Traumatic rupture of the Achilles tendon. Reconstruction by transplant and graft using the lateral peroneus brevis. Orthop. Clin. North America, 5: 89-93, 1974.
  745. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society http://www.aofas.org/
  746. Theobald P., Benjamin M., Nokes L., Pugh N. Review of the vascularisation of the human Achilles tendon Injury, Int. J. Care Injured 2005; 36, 1267—1272
  747. Theobald P., Bydder G., Dent C., Nokes L., Pugh N., Benjamin M. The functional anatomy of Kager’s fat pad in relation to retrocalcaneal problems and other hindfoot disorders. J Anat 2006; 208:91–97.
  748. Thermann H, Tibesku C.O., Mastrokalos D.S., Passler H.H. (2001) Endoscopically assisted percutaneous Achilles tendon suture. Foot Ankle Int 22(2):158–160
  749. Thermann H., Frerichs O., Biewener A., Krettek C. Healing of the achilles tendon: an experimental study. Foot Ankle Int 22:478-483, 2001.
  750. Thermann H., Frerichs O., Biewener A., Krettek C., Schandelmeier P. Die funktionelle Behandlung der frischen Achillessehnenruptur. Eine experimentelle biomechanische Untersuchung. Unfallchirurg 98:507-513, 1995.
  751. Thermann H., Zwipp H. Achillessehnenruptur // Orthopade.- 1989.- Bd.18, H.4.- S.321-335.
  752. Thermann H., Zwipp H., Tscherne H. Funktionelles Behandlungskonzept der frischen Achillessehnen ruptur. Unfallchirurg1995;98:21–32
  753. Thermann, H.; Zwipp, H.; and Tscherne, H.: Funktionelles Behandlungskonzept der frischen Achillessehnruptur. Zweijahresergebnisse einer prospektiv-randomisierten Studie. Unfallchirurg, 98: 21-32, 1995.
  754. Thomas, M., Fiatarone, M., Fielding, R. Leg Power in Young Women: Relationship to Body Composition, Strength, and Function. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996;28(10):1321-1326.
  755. Thomason D.B., Herrick R.E., Baldwin K.M. Activity influences on soleus muscle myosin during rodent hindlimb suspension // J. Appl. Physiol.- 1987.- Vol.63, N 1.- P. 138-144.
  756. Thomason D.B., Herrick R.E., Surdyka D. et al. Time course of soleus muscle myosin expression during hindlimb suspension and recovery// J. Appl. Physiol.- 1987.- Vol.63, N 1.- P.130-137.
  757. Thomopoulos S, Williams G.R., Gimbel J.A., Favata M., Soslowsky L.J. Variation of biomechanical, structural, and compositional properties along the tendon to bone insertion site. J Orthop Res 2003;21(3):413–9.
  758. Thompson T. C. A test for rupture of the tendo Achillis. Acta Orthop. Scandinavica, 32: 461-465, 1962.
  759. Thompson T. C., Doherty J. H.: Spontaneous rupture of tendon of Achilles: a new clinical diagnostic test. J. Trauma, 2: 126-129, 1962.
  760. Threlkeld J., Horn T.S., Wojtowicz G.M., Rooney J.G., Shapiro R.S. Kinematics, Ground Reaction Force, and Muscle Balance Produced by Backward Running. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, American Physical Therapy Association, 1989.
  761. Tobin W.J. Repair of the neglected ruptured and severed Achilles tendon. Am Surg. 1953;19:514-22.
  762. Tokmakov P. Treatment of ruptures of Achilles’ tendons by an external fixator. Folia Med (Plovdiv). 1995;37(4A Suppl):92.
  763. Toumi H., Higashiyama I., Suzuki D., et al. Regional variations in human patellar trabecular architecture and the structure of the proximal patellar tendon enthesis. J Anat 2006; 208:47–57.
  764. Toygar O. Subkutane ruptur der Achillesschne. (Diagnostik und Behandlungsergebnisse.) Helvetica Chir. Acta, 14: 209-231, 1947.
  765. Trail I. A., Powell E. S., Noble J., Crank S. The role of an adhesive (Histoacryl) in tendon repair. J. Hand Surg., 17-B: 544-549, 1992.
  766. Tsuge K., Ikuta Y., Matsuishi Y. Intra-tendinous tendon suture in the hand—a new technique. Hand. 1975 Oct;7(3):250-5.
  767. Turco V.J., Spinella A.J. Achilles tendon ruptures—peroneus brevis transfer. Foot Ankle. 1987;7:253-9.
  768. Turco V.J., Spinella A.J. Achilles tendon ruptures—peroneus brevis transfer. Orthop Rev 17:822, 1988.
  769. Turgut A., Gunal I., Maralcan G., Kose N., Gokturk E. Endoscopy, assisted percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon ruptures: A cadaveric and clinical study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2002;10:130-133.
  770. Twaddle B.C., Poon P. Early motion for Achilles tendon ruptures: is surgery important? A randomized, prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2007 Dec;35(12):2033-8. Epub 2007 Sep 20.
  771. Ufberg J., Harrigan R.A., Cruz T., Perron A.D.(2004). Orthopedic pitfalls in the ED: Achilles tendon rupture. American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 22(7), 596–600.
  772. Unverferth L. J., Olix M. L. The effect of local steroid injections on tendon. In Proceedings of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. J. Bone and Joint Surg., 55-A: 1315, Sept. 1973.
  773. Us A.K., Bilgin S.S., Aydin T., Mergen E. Repair of neglected Achilles tendon ruptures: procedures and functional results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1997;116:408-11.
  774. Viidik A. Tensile strength properties of Achilles tendon systems in trained and untrained rabbits. Acta Orthop Scand 1962; 10:261–272.
  775. Virchenko O., Aspenberg P. How can one platelet injection after injury lead to a stronger tendon after 4 weeks. Acta Orthopedics, 2006, 77(5), 806–812.
  776. Vrbová G. Changes in the motor reflexes produced by tenotomy. J. Physiol., 166: 241-250, 1963.
  777. Waggett A.D., Benjamin M., Ralphs J.R. Gap junctions comprising connexion 32 and 43 differentially regulate tendon fi broblast response to cyclic mechanical load. Matrix Biol 2005 (submitted).
  778. Waggett A.D., Ralphs J.R., Kwan A.P., Woodnutt D., Benjamin M. Characterization of collagens and proteoglycans at the insertion of the human Achilles tendon. Matrix Biol. 1998 Mar;16(8):457-70.
  779. Wagnon R., Akayi M. The Webb-Bannister Percutaneous Technique for Acute Achilles’ Tendon Ruptures: A Functional and MRI Assessment. The Journal of Foot & Ankle Surgery 44(6):437–444, 2005.
  780. Wahlby L. Achilles Tendon injury. 4. Structure of rabbit calf muscles after tendon repair with removable traction suture // Acta Chir. Scand.- 1981.- Vol.147, N 1.- P.37-41.
  781. Wang B. Increased Suture Embeded in Tendons: AN Effective Method to Improve Repair Strength / B.Wang, J.B.Tang//J.Hand Surg. – 2002. – Vol.27B, №4. – P.333-336.
  782. Wapner K. L., Hecht P. J., and Mills R. H. Jr. Reconstruction of neglected Achilles tendon injury. Orthop. Clin. North America, 26:249-263, 1995.
  783. Wapner K. L., Pavlock G. S., Hecht P. J., Naselli F., Walther R. Repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture with flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer. Foot and Ankle, 14: 443-449, 1993.
  784. Waterston S. W. Histochemistry and biochemistry of Achilles tendon ruptures. B.Med.Sc. dissertation, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, Scotland, 1997.
  785. Waterston S. W., Maffulli N., Ewen S. W. Subcutaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon: basic science and some aspects of clinical practice. British J. Sports Med., 31: 285-298, 1997.
  786. Waterston S. W., Squair J., Reaper J. A., Douglas A. S., Maffulli N.: The incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in Scotland. Unpublished data.
  787. Watson T.W., Jurist K.A., Yang K.H., Shen K.L. (1995) The strength of Achilles tendon repair: an in vitro study of the biomechanical behaviour in human cadaver tendons. Foot Ankle 4:91–95.
  788. Webb J., Moorjani N., Radford M. Anatomy of the sural nerve and its relation to the Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Int 2000; 21:475–477.
  789. Webb J.M., Bannister G.C. Percutaneous repair of the ruptured tendo Achillis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 81:877–880, 1999.
  790. Welsh R.P., Macnab I., Riley V. Biomechanical studies of rabbit tendon // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1971.- Vol.81.- P.171- 177.
  791. Whetzel T.P., Barnard M.A., Stokes R.B. Arterial fasciocutaneous vascular territories of the lower leg. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;100:1172-85.
  792. White J.W. Torsion of the Achilles tendon: Its surgical significance. Arch Surg 1943; 46:784–787.
  793. White R.K., Kraynick B.M. Surgical uses of peroneus brevis tendon. Surg Gynecol Obstet 1959; 108:117.
  794. Wick M. C., Rieger M. Rupture  of  a  Calcified  Achilles’  Tendon. N Engl J Med 358;24 Images in clinical medicine, www.nejm.org june 12, 2008.
  795. Wilcox D.K., Bohay D.R., Anderson J.G. Treatment of chronic achilles tendon disorders with flexor hallucis longus tendon transfer/augmentation. Foot Ankle Int. 2000;21:1004-10.
  796. Willes C.A., Washburn S., Caiorro V. et al. Achilles tendon rupture // Clin. Orthopaed. Rel. Res.- 1986.- Vol.207.- P.156-163.
  797. Williams J. G. Achilles tendon lesions in sport. Sports Med., 3: 114-135, 1986.
  798. Williams P. L., Warwick, R. [editors]: Gray’s Anatomy. Ed. 36, p. 608. New York, Churchill Livingstone, 1980.
  799. Williams P.E. Effect of intermitten stretch on immobilized muscle // Ann. Rheum. Dis.- 1988.- Vol.47, N 12.- P.1014-1016.
  800. Williams P.E., Goldspink G. Connective tissue changes in immobilized muscle // J.Anat.- 1984.- Vol. 138, N 2.- P.343-350.
  801. Williams P.L., Warwick R., Dyson M., Bannister L.H. Gray’s Anatomy, 37th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1989.
  802. Wilson A. M., Goodship A. E. Exercise-induced hyperthermia as a possible mechanism for tendon degeneration. J. Biomech., 27:899-905, 1994.
  803. Wilson-MacDonald J., Williamson D.M. Severe ligamentous injury of the ankle with ruptured tendo Achillis and fractured neck of talus. J Trauma 28:872–874, 1988.
  804. Winter E., Weise K., Weller S., Ambacher T. Surgical repair of Achilles tendon rupture. Comparison of surgical with conservative treatment. Arch. Orthop. and Trauma Surg., 117: 364-367, 1998.
  805. Wong J., Barrass V., Maffulli N. Quantitative review of operative and nonoperative management of Achilles tendon ruptures. Am J Sports Med 2002;30(4): 565-75.
  806. Wong M.W., Ng V.W. Modified flexor hallucis longus transfer for Achilles insertional rupture in elderly patients. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005 Feb;(431):201-6.
  807. Woo S., An K.N., Frank C., et al. Anatomy, biology, and biomechanics of tendon and ligament. In: Buckwalter JA, Einhorn TA, Simon SR, editors. Orthopaedic basic science. 2nd edition. St. Louis: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 2000.
  808. Wood Т.О., Cooke P.H., Goodship A.E. The effect of exercise and anabolic steroids on the mechanical properties and crimp morphology of the rat tendon // Am. J. Sports Med.- 1988.- Vol.16, N2.- P.153-158.
  809. World Health Organization: International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 10th Revision Version for 2007. http://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/
  810. Wren T.A., Yerby S.A., Beaupré G.S., Carter D.R. Mechanical properties of the human achilles tendon. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2001 Mar;16(3):245-51.
  811. Yasuda T., Kinoshita M., Okuda R. Reconstruction of chronic achilles tendon rupture with the use of interposed tissue between the stumps. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:582-8.
  812. Yepes H., M. Tang M., Geddes Ch., Glazebrook M., Morris S. F., Stanish W.D. Digital Vascular Mapping of the Integument About the Achilles Tendon. 2010;92:1215-1220.  doi:10.2106/JBJS.I.00743 J Bone Joint Surg Am.
  813. Yildirim Y., Esemenli T. (2002) Initial pull-out strength of tendon sutures: an in vitro study in sheep Achilles tendon. Foot Ankle Int 23:1126–1130.
  814. Yildirim Y., Kara H., Cabukoglu C., Esemenli T. (2006) Suture holding capacitiy of the Achilles tendon during the healing period: an in vivo experimental study in rabbits. Foot Ankle Int 27:121–124.
  815. Yotsumoto T., Nishikawa U., Ryoke K., Nozaki K., Uchio Y. Tension band fixation for treatment of patellar fracture: novel technique using a braided polyblend sutures and ring pins. Injury. 2009 Jul;40(7):713-7. Epub 2009 Feb 23.
  816. Young J.Z., Medawar P.B. Fibrin suture of peripheral nerves. Lancet 1:126-128, 1940.
  817. Yu J.S., Popp J.E., Kaeding C.C., Lucas J. Correlation of MR imaging and pathologic fi ndings in athletes undergoing surgery for chronic patellar tendonitis. Am J Roentgenol 1995; 165:115–118.
  818. Zadek I. Repair of old rupture of the tendo Achillis by means of fascia lata: report of a case. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1940;22:1070-1.
  819. Zandbergen R.A., de Boer S.F., Swierstra B.A., Day J., Kleinrensink G.J., Beumer A. (2005) Surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture. Examination of strength of 3 types of suture techniques in a cadaver model. Acta Orthopaedica 76:408–411.
  820. Zantop T., Tillmann B., Petersen W., Tillmann B., Petersen W. Quantitative assessment of blood vessels of the human Achilles tendon: An immunohistochemical cadaver study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2003; 123:501–504.
  821. Zehntner M.K., Reitamo Т., Mordasini R. et al. Traumatische Achillessehnenrupturen und Hyperlipidamie // Unfallheilkunde.- 1984.- Bd.87, H.5.- S.226-229.
  822. Zell R., Santoro V. M. Augmented repair of acute Achilles tendon ruptures. Foot Ankle Int 2000; 21: 469-74.
  823. Zwipp H., Sudkamp N., Thermann H. et al. Die Achillessehnenruptur 10-jahresspatergebnisse nach operative Behandlung. Eine retrospektive Studie // Unfallchirurg .- 1989.- Bd.92, Н.- S.554-559.
Далее: Глава 9. ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ
Автор статьи

Доктор медицинских наук Середа Андрей Петрович

Подробнее